Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) - BSA Free

Immunohistochemistry: Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [NB600-443] - Staining of positive (A) and negative (B) tumor tissues for AFB, -DNA adducts. Photos courtesy of Dr. Regina Santella.

Dot Blot: Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [NB600-443] - HCT-8 cells stably-transfected with empty vector or shCYP3A5 were treated with DMSO or 10 mM AFB1 for 72 h. AFB1 DNA adduct (6A10) were detected using immunodot-blot assay. DNA adduct measured by multi gauge software (bottom panel), respectively. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (oncotarget.com/article/8914/text/), licensed under a CC-BY license.

AFB1-DNA adducts formation in AFB1-treated SMMC-7721 cells with overexpression of miR-429 (see Section 2). Levels of AFB1-DNA adducts were tested using comparative ELISA. Data were analyzed from three independent tests using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections. *P < 0.05.

ELISA: Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) - BSA Free [NB600-443] - AFB1-DNA adducts formation in AFB1-treated SMMC-7721 cells with overexpression of miR-429 (see Section 2). Levels of AFB1-DNA adducts were tested using comparative ELISA. Data were analyzed from three independent tests using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections. *P < 0.05. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24204382), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.

• Reactivity: Hu, All
• Applications: WB, DB, ELISA, ICC/IF, IHC
• Clone: 6A10
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Format: BSA Free
• Concentration: 1.0 mg/ml

Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) - BSA Free Summary

• Immunogen: Aflatoxin B1 DNA (against the midazole ring-opened persistent form of the major N-7 guanine adduct of AFB1).
• Localization: Nuclear
• Isotype: IgG1 Kappa
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Purity: Protein G purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Dot Blot reported in scientific literature (PMID 19524575)
  • ELISA 5 ug/ml
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence 1:100. Use reported in scientific literature (PMID 24114584)
  • Immunohistochemistry 1:100
  • Immunohistochemistry-Frozen
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin reported in scientific literature (PMID 24391771)
  • Western Blot 1:500-1:2000

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Buffer: PBS
• Preservative: 0.1% Sodium Azide
• Concentration: 1.0 mg/ml
• Purity: Protein G purified

Alternate Names for Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) - BSA Free

• AFB1
• AFB1-AR1
• Aldoketoreductase 7

Background

Aflatoxins (AF) are a group of harmful fungal toxins commonly found as grains/groundnuts contaminants and the most abundant congeners of AF, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic among AFs which is produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus etc. Humans and domestic animals can be exposed to aflatoxins by foods and approximately 25% of the world's food supply is annually contaminated with mycotoxins indicating the widespread prevalence of this public health problem. AFB1, a potent hepatotoxin/hepatocarcinogen, undergoes metabolism catalyzed by mixed function oxygenases of hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzyme system to produce a highly reactive intermediate, aflatoxin B1-8,9 epoxide that binds to necleophilic sites in hepatocyte DNA to form a number of adducts. The reactive aflatoxin B1-8,9 epoxide attracts guanine residues in double stranded DNA and the adducts formation leads to initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis. ROS generated during aflatoxins metablosm are considered to be main culprit for hepatotoxicity. The AFB1-8,9-epoxide can further be converted to AFB1-8,9-diol that specifically binds to lysine in albumin and forms AFB1-lysine adducts (AFB-Lys), which has been validated as a biomarker of human aflatoxins exposure.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (NB600-443)(26)

Publications using NB600-443

• Huang L, Long Q, Su Q et al. Aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts modify the effects of post-operative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization improving hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis Explor Target Antitumor Ther 2023-08-31 [PMID: 37711588]
• Xu C, Cheng S, Chen K et al. Sex Differences in Genomic Features of Hepatitis B-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Distinct Antitumor Immunity Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2023-01-01 [PMID: 36272708]
• Zhang J, Hu S, Zhao C et al. Genome-Scale CRISPR Knockout Screening Identifies BACH1 as a Key Regulator of Aflatoxin B(1)-Induced Oxidative Damage Antioxidants (Basel) 2022-09-10 [PMID: 36139865]
• Gramantieri L, Gnudi F, Vasuri F et al. Aflatoxin B1 DNA-Adducts in Hepatocellular Carcinoma from a Low Exposure Area Nutrients 2022-04-15 [PMID: 35458213] (IHC-P)
• Zhu Q, Ma Y, Liang J Et al. AHR mediates the aflatoxin B1 toxicity associated with hepatocellular carcinoma Signal transduction and targeted therapy 2021-08-09 [PMID: 34373448] (WB, CoIP, Human)
• Ates MB, Ortatatli M The effects of Nigella sativa seeds and thymoquinone on aflatoxin phase-2 detoxification through glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase alpha-3, and the relationship between aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts in broilers Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology 2021-04-15 [PMID: 33581172] (IHC-P)
• Wang L, He L, Zeng H et al. Low-dose microcystin-LR antagonizes aflatoxin B1 induced hepatocarcinogenesis through decreasing cytochrome P450 1A2 expression and aflatoxin B1-DNA adduct generation Chemosphere 2020-06-01 [PMID: 32045972] (IHC-P, Rat, Mouse)
• Kim J, Park SH, Do KH et al. Interference with mutagenic aflatoxin B1-induced checkpoints through antagonistic action of ochratoxin A in intestinal cancer cells: a molecular explanation on potential risk of crosstalk between carcinogens. Oncotarget. 2016-06-28 [PMID: 27119350] (Cytometric Bead Assay Standard, Human)
• Qureshi H, Hamid SS, Ali SS et al. Cytotoxic effects of aflatoxin B1 on human brain microvascular endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier Med. Mycol. [PMID: 25851265] (Cytometric Bead Assay Standard)
  
  Details:
  Citation using the HRP form of this antibody.
• Liu Yi-Xiao, Long Xi-Dai, Xi Zhi-Feng et al. MicroRNA-24 modulates aflatoxin B1-related hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis and tumorigenesis. Biomed Res Int. 2014-04-08 [PMID: 24800232] (ELISA, Human)
• Qi LN, Bai T, Chen ZS et al. The p53 mutation spectrum in hepatocellular carcinoma from Guangxi, China : role of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and aflatoxin B1 exposure. Liver Int. 2014-01-27 [PMID: 24461059] (IHC-P)
  
  Details:
  Aflatoxin B1 antibody (clone 6A10) used for staining of AFB1-DNA via IHC-P application on sections of hepatocellular carcinoma HCC tissue (Tumour and adjacent liver tissue) and normal livers of human subjects (Figure 1).
• Qi LN, Li LQ, Chen YY et al. Genome-Wide and Differential Proteomic Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus and Aflatoxin B1 Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Guangxi, China. PLoS One 2013-12-31 [PMID: 24391771] (IHC-P)
• Huang XY, Yao JG, Huang HD et al. MicroRNA-429 Modulates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis and Tumorigenesis. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013-01-01 [PMID: 24204382] (ELISA)
• Zhang Z, Lu H, Huan F et al. Cytochrome P450 2A13 mediates the neoplastic transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells at a low concentration of aflatoxin B1. Int J Cancer 2013-09-30 [PMID: 24114584] (ICC/IF)
  
  Details:
  Using the HRP conjugated version of NB600-443, catalog number NB600-443H.
• Yang X, Zhang Z, Wang X et al. Cytochrome P450 2A13 enhances the sensitivity of Human bronchial epithelial cells to aflatoxin B1-induced DNA damage. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013-04-18 [PMID: 23602888] (ICC/IF)
  
  Details:
  Using the HRP conjugated version of NB600-443, catalog number NB600-443H.
• Lu JW, Yang WY, Lin YM et al. Hepatitis B virus X antigen and aflatoxin B1 synergistically cause hepatitis, steatosis and liver hyperplasia in transgenic zebrafish Acta Histochem 2013-03-14 [PMID: 23499292] (IHC-P, Zebrafish)
• Yang XJ, Lu HY, Li ZY et al. Cytochrome P450 2A13 mediates aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells Toxicology 2012-06-26 [PMID: 22743290] (IF/IHC, Human)
• Shirabe K, Toshima T, Taketomi A et al. Hepatic aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts and TP53 mutations in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma despite low exposure to aflatoxin B1 in southern Japan. Liver Int. 2011-06-28 [PMID: 21745313] (IHC-P)
• Long XD, Ma Y, Zhou YF et al. XPD codon 312 and 751 polymorphisms, and AFB1 exposure, and hepatocellular carcinoma risk. BMC Cancer;9:400. 2009-11-17 [PMID: 19919686]
• Besaratinia A, Kim SI, Hainaut P, Pfeifer GP. In vitro recapitulating of TP53 mutagenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma associated with dietary aflatoxin B1 exposure. Gastroenterology. 137(3):1127-37, 1137.e1-5. 2009-09-01 [PMID: 19524575] (WB, Cytometric Bead Assay Standard)
• Ochsner UA, Bell SJ, O'Leary AL et al. Inhibitory effect of REP3123 on toxin spore formation in Clostridium difficile, in vivo efficacy in a hamster gastrointestinal infection model. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;63(5):964-971. [PMID: 19251726] (WB)
• Lunn RM, Langlois RG, Hsieh LL, Thompson CL, Bell DA. XRCC1 polymorphisms: effects on aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts and glycophorin A variant frequency. Cancer Res;59(11):2557-61. 1999-06-01 [PMID: 10363972]
• Yarborough A, Zhang YJ, Hsu TM, Santella RM. Immunoperoxidase detection of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in aflatoxin B1-treated rat liver and human oral mucosal cells. Cancer Res;56(4):683-8. 1996-02-15 [PMID: 8630995] (IHC-Fr)
• Hsieh LL, Hsieh TT. Detection of aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts in human placenta and cord blood. Cancer Res;53(6):1278-80. 1993-03-15 [PMID: 8383006]
• Hsieh LL, Hsu SW, Chen DS, Santella RM. Immunological detection of aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts formed in vivo. Cancer Res;48(22):6328-31. 1988-11-15 [PMID: 3141043] (ELISA)
• Zhang, YJ et al. Aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts and hepatitis B virus antigens in hepatocellular carcinoma and non-tumorous liver tissue. Carcinogenesis;12(12):2247-52. 1991-12-01 [PMID: 1721008]

Reviews for Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (NB600-443) (2)

Average Rating: 4.5

(Based on 2 reviews)

We have 2 reviews tested in 2 species: Mouse, Other.

reviewed by: Verified Customer IHC Other 12/09/2011

Summary

• Application: Immunohistochemistry
• Sample Tested: Zebra Fish
• Species: Other

reviewed by: Verified Customer ELISA Mouse 09/08/2010

Summary

• Application: ELISA
• Sample Tested: mouse lung tissue
• Species: Mouse

FAQs for Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (NB600-443). (Showing 1 - 2 of 2 FAQs).

1. I have an inquiry about NB600-443. The product name on your homepage states, that this antibody is against Aflatoxin B1, but the Immunogen states to be Aflatoxin B1 DNA - could you please clarify if this antibody recognizes the aflatoxin B1 toxin or the DNA of Aflatoxin B1? In case this antibody recognizes the toxin itself - are you aware of another antibody in your portfolio that has successfully been used with NB600-443 in a Sandwich ELISA?
   • I can inform you that Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) (NB600-443) is specific for aflatoxin B1 DNA adducts (DNA modified with the toxin; particularly the imidazole ring-opened form), and is not suitable for detecting free aflatoxin B1. Please see this paper for a detailed description of the clone 6A10: Cancer Research.
2. The immunogen for this antibody is noted as “Aflatoxin B1 DNA (against the midazole ring-opened persistent form of the major N-7 guanine adduct of AFB1)”. Does this mean that the antibody only recognizes Aflatoxin B1 when it is bound to DNA?
   • In terms of the immunogen, it does seem like that this antibody will have a higher affinity to an AFB1-d-DNA other than just the AFB1 alone. For your reference, I have attached the literature paper that this antibody was originally characterized: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/48/22/6328.full.pdf. Please see attachment and esepecially refer to Table 1.