Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase, strongly induced by hypoxia. CA IX is overexpressed by several cancer cells from many tumor types, and is a component of the pH regulatory system invoked by these cells to combat the deleterious effects of a high rate of glycolytic metabolism. CA IX functions to help produce and maintain an intracellular pH favorable for tumor cell growth and survival, while at the same time participating in the generation of an increasingly acidic extracellular space, facilitating tumor cell invasiveness (1).
In addition to its role in the regulation of tumoral pH and tumor cell survival, there is evidence that CAIX contributes to cell processes such as adhesion and migration, both of which are vital for metastatic progression in human cancer. In CAIX-null MDCK cells constitutively expressing human CA IX, the protein localized to cell-cell junctions and overlapped with staining for E-cadherin as determined using anti-CAIX antibodies indicating that CAIX has the capacity to modulate E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion via interaction with beta-catenin, which could be of potential significance in hypoxia-induced tumor progression (2). Expression of CA IX as determined by ant-CA IX antibodies has been correlated with poor prognosis in cancer and the metabolic dysfunction under the hypoxic conditions (3). Pharmacologic interference of CAIX catalytic activity using monoclonal antibodies or CAIX-specific small molecules has been shown to impair primary tumor growth and metastasis and is an open area of research. Novus Biologicals offers a wide variety of tools for your research needs in the form of antibodies, cell lysates and RNAi reagents against Carbonic Anhydrase IX and related proteins for your research needs.
Novus Biologicals offers Carbonic Anhydrase IX reagents for your research needs including:
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