Antibody catalog

IRAK4, also known as Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4, is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a critical role in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses against foreign pathogens. It activates NF-kappaB in both Toll-like receptor (TLR) and T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways.

ASC-2, also known as Nuclear Receptor Co-Activator 6, directly binds nuclear receptors and stimulates the transcriptional activities in a hormone-dependent fashion. It is involved in the co-activation of different nuclear receptors, such as for steroids (GR and ERs), retinoids (RARs and RXRs), thyroid hormone (TRs), vitamin D3 (VDR) and prostanoids (PPARs). It is believed to function as a general co-activator, rather than just a nuclear receptor co-activator.

LYVE1 (lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1) is one of the most specific and widely used mammalian lymphatic endothelial markers.It is found in lymph nodes and at the luminal/abluminal surfaces of lymphatic vessels. It is a single-pass type I membrane protein that exists in a disulfide-linked homodimer form. LYVE1 undergoes ligand-dependent internalization and recycling at the cell surface, and exhibits ligand-specific transporter trafficking between intracellular organelles and the plasma membrane.

Target of the antiproliferative 1 (TAPA1), also known as CD81, is found in the plasma membrane in lymphocytes and plays an important role in the regulation of lymphoma cell growth. This transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) protein is primarily found on CD4⁺CD8⁺ thymocytes as well as broadly in the periphery, with high-level expressed in cell cohorts such as B-cells, NK cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a eukaryotic cell mechanism that copes with ER stress and is initiated by three ER-localized sensors: PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1 alpha). The UPR-responsive downstream signaling is regulated through the ATF6 and IRE1-XBP1 pathways.

Macrophage mannose receptor 1 (MRC1), also known as CD206, is a Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR). PRRs are expressed by antigen processing and presentation cells, and are activated upon detection of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). PAMPs are molecular sequences shared by large groups of pathogens, which are essential for microbial survival and/or pathogenicity and include cell wall components such as glycoproteins.

LOX is a copper-dependent amine oxidase enzyme that executes post-translational oxidative deamination on peptidyl lysine residues in precursors of fibrous collagen and elastin. LOX is secreted into the extracellular environment in an inactive form, where it is processed into an active form. Its activity is crucial for maintaining both the tensile and elastic properties of connective tissue residing within skeletal, pulmonary, and cardiovascular systems.

The nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor essential for the activation of immune and inflammatory responses. NFkB activity is inhibited when it is associated with IkB proteins in the cell cytoplasm. IkB proteins are phosphorylated by the IkB kinase complex. The IKK serine protein kinase consists of alpha and beta subunits (IKK alpha and IKK beta). These subunits interact with each other and together, are essential for NFkB activation. IKK alpha is expressed in variety of human tissues.

In the synthesis pathway for the catecholamines - dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, tyrosine hydroxylase is the rate-limiting enzyme. Through alternative mRNA splicing, a wide molecular diversity of TH isoforms are generated that are tissue-specific and carry varied enzymatic activities, allowing for differential neurotransmitter availability at various synapses.

LAMP2 belongs to the family of membrane glycoproteins who confer selectins with carbohydrate ligands. LAMP2 has been implicated in tumor cell metastasis, as well as overall protection, maintenance, and adhesion of the lysosome. It appears that LAMP2 may protect the lysosomal membrane from autophagy, as well as maintain the required acidic environment necessary for proper function.  LAMP2 is a single-pass type I membrane protein that shuttles between endosomes, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane.