SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody (CR3022) - Azide and BSA Free

ELISA: SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody (CR3022) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-90980] - ELISA plate coated with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein (S1), His-Tag (Insect Cells; grey line) and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein (S2), His-Tag (Insect Cells; yellow line) at concentrations of 5 ug/ml. A 3-fold serial dilution from 41.6 ng/ml was performed using NBP2-90980; from 370 ng/ml for NBP3-11813 and from 10000 ng/ml for NBP3-11776. Human IgM and human IgA were HRP-conjugated and for the detection of human IgG1 a 1:4000 dilution of HRP-labelled anti-human IgG antibody was used.

• Reactivity: V, V
• Applications: ELISA, ICC/IF, B/N, SPR, WB
• Clone: CR3022
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Human
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Format: Azide and BSA Free
• Concentration: 1 mg/ml

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody (CR3022) - Azide and BSA Free Summary

• Description: This antibody does not have a J-chain.
  
  This reformatted human antibody was made using the variable domain sequences of the original Human IgG1 format, for improved compatibility with existing reagents, assays and techniques.
• Immunogen: The original monoclonal antibody was generated through an scFv library derived from a peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient exposed to the SARS-CoV.
• Specificity: This antibody binds the amino acids 318-510 in the S1 domain of the SARS-CoV Spike protein as well as SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike protein. The antibody also binds to P462L-substituted S318-510 fragments of the SARS spike protein. The binding epitope is only accessible in the "open" confromation of the spike protein.
• Isotype: IgA1 Kappa
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Human
• Gene: S
• Purity: Affinity purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence
  • Neutralization
  • Surface Plasmon Resonance
  • X-Ray Crystallography
• Application Notes: This antibody binds to both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 with high affinity. The initial characterization of the binding of this antibody was performed by ELISA and indicates potential for the development of diagnostic assays, as both virus-capture assays, or as controls in serological assays measuring immune-responses to virus exposure. Human IgG1, IgG3, IgM and IgA isotypes are available to mimic antibody responses seen in COVID19. Human IgG2 and IgG4 subtypes, which are also seen in a small subset of COVID-19 patients, are also available to investigate their role in the response to SARS-CoV-2. The original human IgG1 version of the antibody works synergistically in combination with another non-ompeting SARS antibody CR3014 and is a potential candidate for passive immune prophylaxis of SARS-CoV infection. The original antibody (human IgG1) was also reported to bind the 2019-nCoV RBD (KD of 6.3 nM). This antibody has been attributed a potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other neutralizing antibodies for treatment of 2019-nCoV infections. This antibody was used in a immunofluorescence assay.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Buffer: PBS
• Preservative: 0.02% Proclin 300
• Concentration: 1 mg/ml
• Purity: Affinity purified

Alternate Names for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody (CR3022) - Azide and BSA Free

• 2019-nCoV S Protein
• 2019-nCoV Spike
• COVID-19 Spike
• E2
• Human coronavirus spike glycoprotein
• Peplomer protein
• S glycoprotein
• S Protein
• SARS-COV-2 S protein
• SARS-COV-2 Spike glycoprotein
• SARSCOV2 Spike protein
• SARS-CoV-2
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Protein
• Spike glycoprotein
• Spike
• surface glycoprotein

Background

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein is one of the four major structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19 (1,2). The spike protein is the largest of the structural proteins, which also include the membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins (1,2). The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is a 1273 amino acid (aa) heterotrimeric class I fusion protein with each monomer having a theoretical molecular weight of approximately 180 kDa (1). The club-shaped spike protein contains several functional regions and domains including the S1 globular head region which contains the N-terminal receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the S2 stem region that contains the C-terminal fusion domain, two heptad regions, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail (1,2). The viral spike protein is critical for attachment of the virus with the host cell, resulting in fusion and virus entry into the cell (1,2). More specifically, the RBD of the spike protein is responsible for binding to the cell surface receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (1,2). This spike-ACE2 interaction results in a conformational change permitting furin cleavage between the S1 and S2 domains and then cleavage at S2' by TMPRRS2, or another protease, allowing membrane fusion (1,2).

Given the critical role of the spike protein RBD in the interaction with the ACE2 receptor and viral entry, a number of neutralizing antibodies against the RBD have been developed as potential therapeutics for treating COVID-19 (3). These antibodies bind the RBD domain on the S1 subunit inhibiting the interaction with ACE2 (3). However, more studies need to be done as neutralizing antibodies can result in antibody-dependent enhancement, in which the viral entry and replication within the host cell is increased (4). One potential way to combat antibody-dependent enhancement is the use of nanobodies (4). Furthermore, there are currently several vaccine strategies that are in clinical trials, or recently federally approved, that utilize the spike protein in different forms (e.g. full length, S1 RBD, RBD-Fc, N-terminal) for protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection (4,5). These vaccine strategies include DNA vaccines, viral vector-based vaccines, RNA vaccines, and subunit vaccines (4,5).

References

1. Pillay T. S. (2020). Gene of the month: the 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus spike protein. Journal of Clinical Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206658

2. Malik Y. A. (2020). Properties of Coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2. The Malaysian Journal of Pathology.

3. Ho M. (2020). Perspectives on the development of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Antibody Therapeutics. https://doi.org/10.1093/abt/tbaa009

4. Samrat, S. K., Tharappel, A. M., Li, Z., & Li, H. (2020). Prospect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Potential role in vaccine and therapeutic development. Virus Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198141

5. Sternberg, A., & Naujokat, C. (2020). Structural features of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Targets for vaccination. Life Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118056

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody (NBP3-11813)(1)

Publication using NBP3-11813

• Aristo Vojdani, Elroy Vojdani, Ashley L Melgar, Joshua Redd Reaction of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with other pathogens, vaccines, and food antigens. Frontiers in immunology 2022-10-11 [PMID: 36211404]

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: S
• Uniprot:
  • P59594(Virus)