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Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, occurs during normal cellular differentiation and development of multicellular organisms. Apoptosis is induced by certain cytokines including TNF and Fas ligand of the TNF family, through their death domain containing receptors TNFR1 and Fas. A cell surface receptor with a death domain, DR3, has been identified by several groups independently, although it has been given alternative names. The ligand for DR3 has very recently been identified as TWEAK, also termed Apo3L. DR3 is highly expressed in tissues enriched in lymphocytes including PBL, thymus and spleen. DR3 mediates activation of NF kappa B, and induces apoptosis. DR3 may also play a role in regulating lymphocyte homeostasis.