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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D (VEGFD), also known as c-fos-induced growth factor (FIGF), is a member of the VEGF family of growth factors. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are a family of closely related growth factors having a conserved pattern of eight cysteine residues and sharing common VEGF receptors. VEGFs stimulate endothelial cells, induce angiogenesis, promote cell migration, increase vascular permeability, and inhibit apoptosis. VEGFD is most closely related to VEGFC (23.3% amino acid sequence identity) and has a similar VEGF homology domain that spans the middle third of the precursor protein and the long N-terminal and C-terminal extensions. In adults, VEGFD is highly expressed in lung, heart, muscle, and small intestine. VEGFD expression in fibroblasts is induced by cell interaction mediated by cadherin 11. Recombinant human VEGFD is a ligand for the tyrosine kinases, VEGFR2 (Flk1) and VEGF receptor 3 (Flt4). Since VEGFR3 is strongly expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells, it is postulated that VEGFD is involved in the regulation of the growth and/or differentiation of lymphatic endothelium and thus, a mitogen for endothelial cells.