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Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of nuclear receptor proteins which exert their effects by binding to specific DNA response elements, thus regulating gene expression in target cells. The RXR subfamily consists of at least three similar genes, RXR alpha, RXR beta and RXR gamma, all of which control transcription of target genes mediated by retinoids. RXR beta controls expression of many genes that respond to hormones and vitamins, including thyroid hormone, estrogen, retinoids and vitamin D. RXR beta controls a wide array of genes because of its ability to heterodimerize with other hormone receptors including the thyroid hormone receptor (THR), vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR).
