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PIBF (progesterone-induced blocking factor 1) is synthesized during pregnancy in response to progesterone by progesterone receptor-positive T lymphocytes (mostly gamma-delta T cells). In the presence of PIBF, natural killer (NK) cells inhibit the release of perforin from storage granules and, therefore, fail to lyse target cells. In humans, the amount of cells that express PIBF is significantly higher in healthy pregnant women than in women at risk for premature pregnancy termination. PIBF has a predicted 89 kDa molecular mass; the full-length PIBF is associated with the nucleus, whereas secretion of shorter forms, such a 34 kDa protein is induced by activation of the cell. Research suggests that PIBF functions as a transcription factor in its full-length form, while smaller forms may act as cytokines.