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The GPNMB gene codes for a type I transmembrane glycoprotein NBM. The GPNMB gene is present in lowly, but not highly, metastic human melanoma cell lines, therefore, it demonstrates involvement in development, proliferation, and differentiation of tissues. Isoform 1 is 572 amino acids long at a mass of nearly 64 kDA and isoform 2 exists at 560 amino acids long at approximately 62 kDA. This gene has been known to interact with various genes such as SMAD4, PLA2G4A, and ITSN2. GPNMB has been researched in its role in retinitis, lung cancer, melanoma, glioblastoma, glaucoma, and breast cancer.