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JMJD2 is a member of the family of novel JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation (JHDM) enzymes, which has been shown to perform the enzymatic removal of methyl groups from histones. Histone demethylation by JHDM proteins requires cofactors Fe(II) and alpha-ketoglutarate. Family members include JHDM1 (demethylating histone 3 at lysine 36), and JHDM2A as well as JMJD2CH3K9 (both of which demethylate histone 3 at lysine 9). Histone demethylase activity has been linked to tumor development, decreases in cell proliferation, and hormone-dependent transcriptional activation.
