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Coreceptor usage of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates varies according to biological phenotype. The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are the major coreceptors that, together with CD4, govern HIV-1 entry into cells. Some HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV isolates of different genetic subtypes and biological phenotypes use other chemokine receptors, such as CXCR6, a T-lymphocyte-expressed seven-transmembrane domain receptor that mediates fusion, entry, and trafficking of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. CXCR6 has been identified in human blood (T-lymphocytes, activated peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, primitive cord blood cells), placental trophoblasts, T-lymphocytes and dendritic cells in the skin, lymphoid tissues, and in fetal brain astrocytes. ESTs have been isolated from human normal placenta, liver/spleen, and pregnant uterus libraries, and human cancer kidney and uterus libraries.