3-OHKYN Products

Description

3-OHKYN (3-Hydroxykynurenine) is tryptophan's toxic metabolite which is capable of inducing oxidative damage as well as cell death consequently contributing to different neurological and psychiatric disorders. Tryptophan is either transaminated to kynurenate (an endogenous glutamate receptor antagonist), or hydroxylated to 3-OHKYN which is degraded to excitotoxic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) agonist, quinolinate. Under physiological conditions, kynurenine pathway is activated to form metabolic precursor NAD+; however, under inflammatory, oxidative or neurotoxic attack, there is an increased activation of indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO), kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) and tryptophan dioxygenase (TDO), yielding the formation of toxic metabolites such as 3-OHKYN and quinolinic acid. Once 3-OHKYN crosses neuronal cell membranes through neutral amino acid transporter (NAT), it can follow two routes: (i) may act as ROS scavenger/antioxidant via direct scavenging or by triggering integral antioxidant responses evoked by transcription signaling pathways, such as the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE axis (ii) 3-OHKYN may undergoes autooxidation yielding highly reactive molecules, such as o-aminoquinone, which in turn causes exacerbated oxidative damage, activation of deadly cascades, and massive cell death.

Bioinformatics

Alternate Names

3039Hydroxykynurenine 3-hydroxykynuenine modification

Research Areas for 3-OHKYN

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Neuroscience
Sensory Systems
Vision