Antibody suppliers

The Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) protein, also known as CD289, belongs to the family of Toll-like receptor (TLR) proteins which play a large role in pathogen recognition and the activation of innate immunity. Scientists using TLR9 antibodies have found that TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans, with a high degree of structural and functional homology^1,2.

Glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) is a transcription factor within the DNA-binding zinc-finger protein family. The Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway (SHH), which assists in embryonic development and maintaining stem cell populations in adults, activates the Gli1 protein. In the SHH Pathway, the hedgehog ligand binds to patched transmembrane protein receptor (PTC). PTC is an inhibitor of SMO, a protein receptor, and when the hedgehog ligand is present, SMO is not inhibited.

The 53BP1 (p53 binding protein 1) was initially believed to be a p53 transcriptional enhancing partner, but it has now been established as an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) substrate. As a late DNA damage response (DDR) marker, 53BP1 appears during the telophase and cytokinesis phase of mitotic mammalian cells¹.

GAPDH is a 146 kD tetramer glycolytic pathway metabolic enzyme responsible for reversibly phosphorylating glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. It may have other possible functions in transcriptional activation. GAPDH is highly expressed due to this housekeeping role, and its prevalent expression has allowed its use as an internal loading control – traditionally for mRNA expression comparisons – but also in protein studies.

NF-kappa-B is a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in several biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumor genesis and apoptosis. Unlike the majority of transcription factors that reside in the nucleus, NFkB is predominantly bound to IkBs protein inhibitors and is located in the cytoplasm. There are two major signaling pathways involved in the activation of NFkB, canonical and non-canonical. [1] In the canonical NF-kB pathway, NF-kB activation is dependent on the inducible degradation of IkBs, particularly IkBa.

Isotype controls are primarily used as negative controls in flow cytometry but they can also be used for immunohistochemistry. They are used to approximate the non-specific target primary antibody binding due to protein-protein interactions, binding to Fc receptors on target cells, non-specific protein-protein interactions, and cell autofluorescence.

World DNA Day celebrates the anniversary of the discovery of the double helix and publication of the findings by Watson, Crick, Wilkins and Franklin as well as the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003. Congress officially declared April 25^th as DNA day to commemorate both scientific achievements. Learn more about DNA in our infographic below.

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"Your Darwin Initiative would be huge! Both in scope and impact. [it's] possibly the best way to ensure satisfaction when choosing/selecting an antibody," respondent, Novus 2014 Antibody Quality Survey.

The Wnt gene family is made up of structurally related genes encoding secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and developmental processes, such as cell fate regulation and embryogenesis patterning. There is high evolutionary conservation among species for the Wnt5A protein.

Cell death via apoptosis is a fundamental cellular function triggered by the cell death receptor family and their ligands which signal through downstream adaptor molecules and the caspase protease family. All caspases exist in a precursor form composed of a prodomain, and large and small catalytic subunits. Caspases require a cleavage adjacent to an aspartate to liberate one large and one small subunit, which can then associate into an a2b2 tetramer.