SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Antibody [CoraFluor™ 1]

CoraFluor™ 1, amine reactive (Catalog:7920) and CoraFluor™ 2, amine reactive (Catalog # 7950) are terbium-based probes that have been developed for use as TR-FRET donors. They emit wavelengths compatible with commonly used fluorescent acceptor dyes such as BODIPY® (or BDY) and Janelia Fluor® dyes, FITC (Catalog # 5440), TMR and Cyanine 5 (Catalog # 5436). CoraFluor™ fluorescence is brighter and more stable in biological media than existing TR-FRET donors, leading to enhanced sensitivity and improved data generation. CoraFluor™ 1 exhibits excitation upon exposure to a 337 nm UV laser.

• Reactivity: V
• Applications: ELISA, IHC
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Conjugate: CoraFluor 1

SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Antibody [CoraFluor™ 1] Summary

• Description: CoraFluor(TM) 1 is a high performance terbium-based TR-FRET (Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) or TRF (Time-Resolved Fluorescence) donor for high throughput assay development. CoraFluor(TM) 1 absorbs UV light at approximately 340 nm, and emits at approximately 490 nm, 545 nm, 585 nm and 620 nm. It is compatible with common acceptor dyes that absorb at the emission wavelengths of CoraFluor(TM) 1. CoraFluor(TM) 1 can be used for the development of robust and scalable TR-FRET binding assays such as target engagement, ternary complex, protein-protein interaction and protein quantification assays.
  
  CoraFluor(TM) 1, amine reactive
  
  CoraFluor(TM) 1, thiol reactive
  
  For more information, please see our CoraFluor(TM) TR-FRET technology flyer.
• Immunogen: Antibody was raised against a peptide corresponding to 15 amino acids near the amino-terminus of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a protein. The immunogen is located within the first 50 amino acids of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a protein.
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Gene: ORF3a
• Purity: Peptide affinity purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin
• Application Notes: Optimal dilution of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C in the dark. Do not freeze.
• Buffer: PBS
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Purity: Peptide affinity purified

Notes

CoraFluor (TM) is a trademark of Bio-Techne Corp. Sold for research purposes only under agreement from Massachusetts General Hospital. US patent 2022/0025254

Alternate Names for SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Antibody [CoraFluor™ 1]

• 2019-nCoV ORF3a Protein
• 2019-nCoV ORF3a
• COVID-19 ORF3a
• Human coronavirus ORF3a Protein
• ORF3a protein
• SARS-CoV-2 Accessory protein 3a
• SARSCoV2 ORF3a Protein
• SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Protein
• SARS-CoV-2 Protein 3a
• SARS-CoV-2 Protein U274
• SARS-CoV-2 Protein X1
• SARS-CoV-2
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Background

SARS-CoV-2 Open Reading Frame 3a (ORF3a) is one of the nine downstream accessory protein open reading frames of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19 (1). SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a is 475 amino acids (aa) with a theoretical molecular weight of 31 kDa (1, 2). The amino acid sequence alignment of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2's ORF3a has 72% sequence identity and 90% sequence similarity (3). Structurally, ORF3a is a homotetramer that is comprised of two non-covalently linked homodimers (2).

The SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a protein encodes for a Ca2+ ion channel that functions in NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome activation (3, 4). The ORF3a ion channel also functions in viral particle release as well as apoptotic and necrotic cell death (5). SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a interacts with the inflammasome component TRAF3 (TNF Receptor Associated Factor 3) which activates ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein contain CARD) ubiquitination and, in-turn, stimulates caspase-1 activation and IL-1beta (interleukin-1-beta) production and maturation (3, 4). IL-1beta activation results in cytokine production and the overproduction of cytokines referred to as a cytokine storm, a hallmark of COVID-19 (4). Additionally, high throughput screening experiments have revealed the SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a binds to the human heme oxygenase (HMOX1) protein (5). HMOX1 has a role in reducing inflammation and tissue damage, both features of SARS-CoV-2 infection (5). The ORF3a-HMOX1 interaction will be worth exploring for its role in innate immune response and as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 (5).

Alternative names for SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a includes 2019-nCoV ORF3a protein, COVID-19 ORF3a, Human coronavirus ORF3a protein, ORF3a protein, SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein 3a, SARS-CoV-2 protein 3a, SARS-CoV-2 protein U274, and SARS-CoV-2 protein X1.

References

1. Michel, C. J., Mayenr, C., Poch, O., & Thompson, J. D. (2020). Characterization of accessory genes in coronavirus genomes. Virology journal. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-020-01402-12. UniProt (P0DTC3)

3. Yoshimoto F. K. (2020). The Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or n-COV19), the Cause of COVID-19. The protein journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-020-09901-4

4. Oladele, J. O., Ajayi, E. I., Oyeleke, O. M., Oladele, O. T., Olowookere, B. D., Adeniyi, B. M., Oyewole, O. I., & Oladiji, A. T. (2020). A systematic review on COVID-19 pandemic with special emphasis on curative potentials of Nigeria based medicinal plants. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04897

5. Batra, N., De Souza, C., Batra, J., Raetz, A. G., & Yu, A. M. (2020). The HMOX1 Pathway as a Promising Target for the Treatment and Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 of 2019 (COVID-19). International journal of molecular sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176412

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: ORF3a