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LSD1 a recently identified, first known lysine-specific histone demethylase, is an 886 amino acid nuclear protein belonging to flavin monoamine oxidase family. It contains a SWIRM domain, a FAD-binding motif and an amine oxidase domain. This protein is ubiquitously expressed and is a component of several histone deacetylase complexes. LSD1 acts as a component of the CoREST and other transcriptional co-repressor complexes and also plays an important role in silencing neuronal-specific genes in non-neuronal cells. It is also known to demethylate Lys-4 of histone H3, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Reports suggest that it plays an important role in stimulating androgen-receptor-dependent transcription converting oxygen to hydrogen peroxide (might use alternative electron acceptors). Along with nuclear FHL2 it serves as a novel biomarker predictive for prostate cancer.
