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The Ku autoantigen is a heterodimer of 70kDa (p70) and ~80kDa (p80) proteins. The p70/p80 dimer is important for function of a 460kDa DNAdependent protein kinase that phosphorylates certain transcription factors, including Sp1, Oct-1, p53, and SV40 large T antigen in vitro. Ku protein plays a role in cell signaling, proliferation, DNA repair, replication, transcriptional activation, and apoptosis.