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Interleukin-16 (IL-16, also known as lymphocyte chemoattractant factor (LCF)) is a CD8+ T cell-derived cytokine. It acts as a chemoattractant for CD4+ T-cells, monocytes and eosinophils. IL-16 has also been shown to suppress HIV-1 replication in vitro. It is expressed as a precursor molecule (pro-IL-16) in various tissues including spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, peripheral leukocytes, bone marrow and cerebellum. The active form is assumed to be a proteolytic cleavage product of pro-IL-16 existing, under physiological conditions, predominantly as a noncovalently linked multimer. The sequence and structure of IL-16 is conserved across species, human and murine IL-16 show significant cross-species reactivity.