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Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a heat shock transcription factor that activates the transcription of genes encoding products required for protein folding, processing, targeting, degradation, and function. Up-regulation of expression of heat shock proteins in response to stress occurs at the level of transcription through a heat shock element and a HSF transcription factor. Amino acid sequences for most HSFs are highly conserved. A DNA binding domain is at the N-terminus, hydrophobic repeats (essential to the formation of active trimers) are adjacent to this binding domain, and another short hydrophobic repeat (necessary for suppression of trimerization) occurs toward the C-terminus. HSF2 exists as two isoforms, the alpha form being more transcriptionally active than the smaller beta form. Various experiments have suggested that HSF2 may play roles in differentiation and development.
