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DR555RB) and counterstained with DAPI (blue; Lunaphore Catalog # DR100). Specific staining was localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. Protocol available in COMET™ Panel Builder." class="big_lightbox" target="_blank">
291-G1) for 15 minutes and NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line untreated or treated with 10 ng/mL PMA for 20 minutes. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Human/Mouse/Rat Phospho-GSK-3a (S21) Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF4125), followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF008). A specific band was detected for Phospho-GSK-3a (S21) at approximately 51 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1." class="big_lightbox" target="_blank">
Glycogen synthases kinase 3 alpha (GSK3-alpha) is a multifunctional Serine/Threonine protein kinase, one of two isoforms of GSK3 (1). Originally identified as a regulator of glycogen synthase, it has been shown to be involved in the hormonal control of several regulatory factors and transcription factors. GSK3-alpha activity is down regulated by phosphorylation on Serine 21 by PKB, or activated by phosphorylation on Tyrosine 279 (2). Insulin inactivates GSK3-alpha by rapid phosphorylation which leads to activation of Glycogen Synthase in the cells (3). GSK3-alpha activitiy has been linked to a pathogenic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (4).