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The EAAT3 gene encodes for glutamate transporters (also known as excitatory amino acid transporters, EAATs), that rapidly move glutamate from the postsynaptic cleft through the plasma membrane. The proteins are approximately 542 amino acids long at a mass barely over 57 kDA. This function allows for neurotoxic levels of glutamate in the brain to be avoided. It is common to see underactivity of glutamate receptors in some disorders such as ischemia and traumatic brain injuries and overactivity to be linked to mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. EAAT3 gene is also related to obsessive-compulsive disorder, ganglioglioma, autism spectrum disorders, aminoaciduriam temporal lobe epilepsy, hepatic encephalopathy, neuronitis, anorexia nervosa, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It interacts with KNCN, HCCS, EWSR1, PRKCA, and ARL6IP5 to function in pathways of glutamic acid signaling, transmembrane transport of small molecules, and protein digestion and absorption.
