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Carbonic anhydrase performs an important role in respiration by facilitating transfer of CO2. Carbonic Anhydrase I (CAI) is a single polypeptide chain metalloenzyme of molecular weight 29 kDa. It is present mainly in erythrocytes at a concentration of about 12 mg per gram haemoglobin. Its main enzyme function is to catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. It also catalyses the hydrolysis of certain esters. The twelve active CA isozymes are thought to regulate a variety of cellular functions including several processes in the reproductive systems. A mutational deficiency has been described but patients exhibit no adverse chemical symptoms. Red cell CAI levels are decreased in patients with thyrotoxicosis.