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Ca(+2)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) are activated upon binding of Ca(+2)/calmodulin. To gain maximal activity, CaMK I and CaMK IV can be further phosphorylated by an upstream kinase, CaMK kinase (CaMKK) (1). CaMKI is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that is widely expressed in eukaryotic cells and tissues but for which few, if any, physiological substrates are known (2). CaMKI has been shown to comprise a family of four structurally related isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) encoded by separate genes with abundant expression in mature brain. In mouse brain, the four isoforms of CaMKI were found to exhibit distinct spatiotemporal expression during neuronal development. CaMKI may also have possible functional involvement of in the basal dendritic growth of hippocampal neurons (3)
