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AIF, or apoptosis-inducing factor, is a flavoprotein localized to the mitochondrial membrane that plays a primary role in caspase-independent cell death, or apoptosis (1,2). AIF translocates to the nucleus when apoptosis is induced and causes mitochondria to release the apoptogenic proteins, cytochrome c and caspase-9. Apoptotic activity of AIF leads to chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation (1). Similar to cytochrome c, AIF is a bifunctional protein with an oxidoreductase function and a second apoptogenic function. In contrast to cytochrome c, however, AIF acts in a caspase-independent fashion (2,3,4).