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B7H4 is a costimulatory protein which is reported to function as a negative regulator of T-cell mediated immunity. Although B7H4 binds an unknown receptor, it is thought to deliver an inhibitory signal to T-cells preventing their proliferation, cell cycle progression and interleukin-2 production. B7H4 deficient mice are only minimally affected, thus suggesting B7H4 is important in the fine tuning of the T-cell mediated immune response. B7H4 is expressed on activated T-cells, B-cells, monocytes and dendritic cells. Aberrant expression has been associated with cancers of the lung, breast and ovary in humans. B7H4 could be a useful prognostic marker in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). There are three different isoforms.