TGF-beta 2/1.2 Antibody [Unconjugated]

Porcine TGF‑ beta 2 (Catalog # 102-B2) inhibits Recombinant Mouse IL‑4 (Catalog # 404-ML) induced proliferation in the HT‑2 mouse T cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Inhibition of Recombinant Mouse IL‑4 (7.5 ng/mL) activity elicited by Porcine TGF‑ beta 2 (1 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-TGF‑ beta 2/1.2 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-302-NA). The ND50 is typically 0.01‑0.03 µg/mL.

• Reactivity: All-Multi
• Applications: WB, B/N
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

TGF-beta 2/1.2 Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: Porcine platelet-derived TGF-beta 2
• Specificity: Detects TGF‑ beta 2 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs and Western blots (non-reducing conditions), less than 2% cross‑reactivity with TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 3, and TGF-beta 5 is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Neutralization 0.01-0.03 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 0.1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. See Certificate of Analysis for details.
  *Small pack size (-SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for TGF-beta 2/1.2 Antibody [Unconjugated]

• TGF-beta 2/1.2

Background

Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1, 2, and 3 (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3) are highly pleiotropic cytokines that virtually all cell types secrete. TGF-beta molecules are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Targeted deletions of these genes in mice show that each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions: TGF-beta 1 is involved in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation; TGF-beta 2 affects development of cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limb, eye, ear, and urogenital systems; and TGF-beta 3 influences palatogenesis and pulmonary development. The full range of in vitro biological activities of TGF-beta 5 has not yet been explored. However, TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, and TGF-beta 5 have been found to be largely interchangeable in an inhibitory bioassay, and it is anticipated that TGF-beta 5 will show a spectrum of activities similar to the other TGF-beta family members. To date, the production of TGF-beta 5 has only been demonstrated in Xenopus.

TGF-beta ligands are initially synthesized as precursor proteins that undergo proteolytic cleavage. The mature segments form active ligand dimers via a disulfide-rich core consisting of the characteristic 'cysteine knot'. TGF-beta signaling begins with binding to a complex of the accessory receptor betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and a type II serine/threonine kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, either ALK-1 or TGF-beta RI (also called ALK-5). The activated type I receptor phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription. Use of other signaling pathways that are Smad-independent allows for distinct actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for TGF-beta 2/1.2 Antibody (AF-302-NA)(4)

Publications using AF-302-NA

• Kerri Wolf-Dennen, Nancy Gordon, Eugenie S. Kleinerman Exosomal communication by metastatic osteosarcoma cells modulates alveolar macrophages to an M2 tumor-promoting phenotype and inhibits tumoricidal functions OncoImmunology 2020-04-12 [PMID: 32313728]
• David J. Sharkey, Anne M. Macpherson, Kelton P. Tremellen, David G. Mottershead, Robert B. Gilchrist, Sarah A. Robertson TGF-beta Mediates Proinflammatory Seminal Fluid Signaling in Human Cervical Epithelial Cells The Journal of Immunology 2012-07-15 [PMID: 22706080]
• Gregory PA, Bracken CP, Smith E, Bert AG, Wright JA, Roslan S, Morris M, Wyatt L, Farshid G, Lim YY, Lindeman GJ, Shannon MF, Drew PA, Khew-Goodall Y, Goodall GJ An autocrine TGF-beta/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network regulates establishment and maintenance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol. Biol. Cell, 2011-03-16;22(10):1686-98. 2011-03-16 [PMID: 21411626] (Neutralization, Canine)
• Neurohr C, Nishimura SL, Sheppard D Activation of transforming growth factor-beta by the integrin alphavbeta8 delays epithelial wound closure. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2006-03-30;35(2):252-9. 2006-03-30 [PMID: 16574941] (Neutralization, Human)