Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S GCN4-IZ Alexa Fluor® 488 Protein

HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells transfected with human ACE-2 were stained with (A) 1 µg/mL (100 µL/well) Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 Spike (GCN4-IZ) His-tag Alexa Fluor® 488 (Catalog # AFG10786) or (B) unstained.

2 μg/lane of Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 Spike (GCN4-IZ) His-tag Alexa Fluor® 488 Protein (Catalog # AFG10786) was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by Coomassie® Blue staining, showing bands at 145-168 kDa.

• Reactivity: V
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S GCN4-IZ Alexa Fluor® 488 Protein Summary

• Additional Information: B.1.351 His-tag Beta Variant (South Africa)
• Details of Functionality: Measured by flow cytometry for its ability to bind HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells transfected with human ACE-2 at 0.25-1.00 µg/mL (100 µL/well).
  Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.
• Source: Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived sars-cov-2 Spike protein
  

  SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 Spike (Val16-Lys1211) (Asp80Ala, Asp215Gly, Leu242 del, Ala243 del, Leu244 del, Lys417Asn, Glu484Lys, Asn501Tyr, Asp614Gly, Ala701Val) (Arg682Ser, Arg685Ser, Lys986Pro, Val987Pro) Accession # YP_009724390.1	GCN4-IZ	6-His tag
  N-terminus		C-terminus

• Accession #: YP_009724390.1
• N-terminal Sequence: Val16
• Structure / Form: Labeled with Alexa Fluor® 488 via amines
  Excitation Wavelength: 488 nm
  Emission Wavelength: 515­-545 nm
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 138 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 145-168 kDa under reducing conditions.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Protect from light. Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 6 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after opening.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after opening.
• Buffer: Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.

Notes

This product is provided under an agreement between Life Technologies Corporation and R&D Systems, Inc, and the manufacture, use, sale or import of this product is subject to one or more US patents and corresponding non-US equivalents, owned by Life Technologies Corporation and its affiliates. The purchase of this product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased amount of the product and components of the product only in research conducted by the buyer (whether the buyer is an academic or for-profit entity). The sale of this product is expressly conditioned on the buyer not using the product or its components (1) in manufacturing; (2) to provide a service, information, or data to an unaffiliated third party for payment; (3) for therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic purposes; (4) to resell, sell, or otherwise transfer this product or its components to any third party, or for any other commercial purpose. Life Technologies Corporation will not assert a claim against the buyer of the infringement of the above patents based on the manufacture, use or sale of a commercial product developed in research by the buyer in which this product or its components was employed, provided that neither this product nor any of its components was used in the manufacture of such product. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than research, contact Life Technologies Corporation, Cell Analysis Business Unit, Business Development, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, OR 97402, Tel: (541) 465-8300. Fax: (541) 335-0354.
This product is provided under an agreement between Life Technologies Corporation and R&D Systems, Inc, and the manufacture, use, sale or import of this product is subject to one or more US patents and corresponding non-US equivalents, owned by Life Technologies Corporation and its affiliates. The purchase of this product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased amount of the product and components of the product only in research conducted by the buyer (whether the buyer is an academic or for-profit entity). The sale of this product is expressly conditioned on the buyer not using the product or its components (1) in manufacturing; (2) to provide a service, information, or data to an unaffiliated third party for payment; (3) for therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic purposes; (4) to resell, sell, or otherwise transfer this product or its components to any third party, or for any other commercial purpose. Life Technologies Corporation will not assert a claim against the buyer of the infringement of the above patents based on the manufacture, use or sale of a commercial product developed in research by the buyer in which this product or its components was employed, provided that neither this product nor any of its components was used in the manufacture of such product. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than research, contact Life Technologies Corporation, Cell Analysis Business Unit, Business Development, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, OR 97402, Tel: (541) 465-8300. Fax: (541) 335-0354.

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S GCN4-IZ Alexa Fluor® 488 Protein

• 2019-nCoV S Protein
• 2019-nCoV Spike
• COVID-19 Spike
• E2
• Human coronavirus spike glycoprotein
• Peplomer protein
• S glycoprotein
• S Protein
• SARS-COV-2 S protein
• SARS-COV-2 Spike glycoprotein
• SARSCOV2 Spike protein
• SARS-CoV-2
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Protein
• Spike glycoprotein
• Spike
• surface glycoprotein

Background

SARS-CoV-2, which causes the global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), belongs to a family of viruses known as coronaviruses that are commonly comprised of four structural proteins: Spike protein (S), Envelope protein (E), Membrane protein (M), and Nucleocapsid protein (N) (1). SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein (S Protein) is a glycoprotein that mediates membrane fusion and viral entry. The S protein is homotrimeric, with each ~180-kDa monomer consisting of two subunits, S1 and S2 (2). In SARS-CoV-2, as with most coronaviruses, proteolytic cleavage of the S protein into the S1 and S2 subunits is required for activation. The S1 subunit is focused on attachment of the protein to the host receptor while the S2 subunit is involved with cell fusion (3-5). The S protein of SARS-CoV-2 shares 75% and 29% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with the S protein of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS, respectively.The S Protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, like the SARS-CoV-1 counterpart, binds Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2), but with much higher affinity and faster binding kinetics through the receptor binding domain (RBD) located in the C-terminal region of S1 (6). Based on structural biology studies, the RBD can be oriented either in the up/standing or down/lying state with the up/standing state associated with higher pathogenicity (7). Polyclonal antibodies to the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 protein have been shown to inhibit interaction with the ACE-2 receptor, confirming RBD as an attractive target for vaccinations or antiviral therapy (8). It has been demonstrated that the S Protein can invade host cells through the CD147/EMMPRIN receptor and mediate membrane fusion (9, 10). A SARS-CoV-2 variant carrying amino acid substitutions N501Y, K417N, and E484K in the RBD raised the most concerns. This B.1.351 lineage, also known and 501Y.V2 variant, was first identified in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa in December 2020 and spread quickly to become the most dominant strain in the second COVID wave in South Africa (11). Two of these mutations K417N and E484K locate at the receptor binding motif (RBM) and are not found in other variants (11). The N501Y mutation is also found in London (B.1.1.7 lineage) and Brazil (P.1 lineage). The B.1.351 lineage is reported to enter cells more easily due to its enhanced affinity to ACE-2 receptor (12). It is reported to reduce the efficacy of neutralizing antibody (12, 13).

1. Wu, F. et al. (2020) Nature 579:265.
2. Tortorici, M.A. and D. Veesler (2019) Adv. Virus Res. 105:93.
3. Bosch, B.J. et al. (2003) J. Virol. 77:8801.
4. Belouzard, S. et al. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106:5871.
5. Millet, J.K. and G.R. Whittaker (2015) Virus Res. 202:120.
6. Ortega, J.T. et al. (2020) EXCLI J. 19:410.
7. Yuan, Y. et al. (2017) Nat. Commun. 8:15092.
8. Tai, W. et al. (2020) Cell. Mol. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2020.03.007.
9. Wang, X. et al. (2020) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-0424-9.
10. Wang, K. et al. (2020) bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.14.988345.
11. Tegally, H. et al. (2020) bioRxiv. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.21.20248640.
12. Nelson, G. et al. (2021) bioRxiv. https://doi: 10.1101/2021.01.13.426558.
13. Wibmer, C.K. et al. (2021) bioRxiv. https://doi: 10.1101/2021.01.18.427166.

Bioinformatics

• Uniprot:
  • YP_009724390.1(Llama)