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Twisted Gastrulation Protein 1(TWSG1) is a secreted BMP binding protein structurally related to the BMP antagonists Chordin and Noggin. TSG can inhibit BMP activity by binding directly to BMP proteins thereby preventing BMPs from binding to their receptors. It can act either as a BMP4 agonist or antagonist (depending on the specific biochemical environment) by binding to the BMP4/Chordin complex.