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Mitogen-acitvated protein kinase kinase 5 (MKK5) belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and the MAPK kinase subfamily (MAP2K, MKK or MEKs). MAPKs require dual phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine residues, an activation step carried out by MAPK kinase (1-2). The MAPK cascade plays an important role in signaling defense responses. Of the MKK family members, MKK5 exhibits the closest homology to MEK1 and MEK2, with 46% amino acid identity in the catalytic domain (3) MKK has been show to activate extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5). Also, activated ERK5 phosphorylates mitogen- MKK5 extensively at Ser129, Ser137, Ser142 and Ser149, which are located within the region in MKK5 that is thought to interact with ERK5 (3). There have also been findings to that the MEK5 (MKK5)/ERK5 (BMK) pathway may play a role in prostate cancer (5).
