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The IL-10 receptor, IL-10R, is a member of the class II subgroup of the cytokine receptor family and exhibits structural similarity to the interferon receptor. IL-10R is expressed in B cells and T helper cells, as well as in LPS-induced mouse fibroblasts. Overall, mouse IL-10R and human IL-10R share 60% sequence identity at the protein level. Stimulation with IL-10 leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 and Tyk2, but not JAK2 or JAK3. In addition to its role as an antagonist of IFN-gamma-mediated macrophage activation, IL-10Ralpha transmits differentiation as well as proliferative signals. IL-10R is constitutively expressed on human natural killer (NK) cells and the direct binding of IL-10 potentiates cytokine production by human NK cells.