TGF-beta 1/1.2 Antibody [Unconjugated]

Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (Catalog # 240-B) inhibits Recombinant Mouse IL-4 (Catalog # 404-ML) induced proliferation in the HT-2 mouse T cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Inhibition of Recombinant Mouse IL-4 (7.5 ng/mL) activity elicited by Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (1 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Chicken Anti-TGF-beta 1/1.2 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-101-NA). The ND50 is typically ≤100 ng/mL.

Effect of Alk4-/Alk5-inhibition on Smad-phosphorylation under TGF-beta -free conditions (A) Western blot of p-Smad2, 1, 3 of PC cultured for 24 hrs under complete serum-free conditions and subjected to Alk4/5 Inhibitor (SB-431542, 5 μM), rsT beta RII (1 μg/ml) and neutralizing anti TGF-beta 1 antibody (4 μg/ml), respectively. Lysates were probed for p-Smad2, p-Smad1, and p-Smad3, total Smad2, total Smad3, and beta -actin, respectively. Representative blots of four independent experiments are shown. (B) Western blot of p-Smad3 (cross-reacting with p-Smad1) of PC cultured for 24 hrs under serum-free conditions with or without addition of rhTGF-beta 1 (5ng/ml). The blot is representative for three independent experiments. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18266973), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

• Reactivity: All-Multi
• Applications: WB, B/N
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Chicken
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

TGF-beta 1/1.2 Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-derived recombinant human TGF‑ beta 1
  Ala279-Ser390
  Accession # P01137
• Specificity: Detects TGF-beta 1/1.2 in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgY
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Chicken
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified from egg yolks
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Neutralization ≤500 ng/mL
  • Western Blot 0.1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for TGF-beta 1/1.2 Antibody [Unconjugated]

• TGFb1.2
• TGF-beta 1/1.2

Background

TGF-beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure. TGF-beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions; for TGF-beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation. Human TGF-beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein. A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N-terminal 249 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF- beta 1. Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 1 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex. Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix. TGF-beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins. Mature human TGF-beta 1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGF-beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF-beta 1. It demonstrates cross-species activity. TGF-beta 1 signaling begins with high-affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF-beta RI (also called activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) -5), or alternatively, ALK‑1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription. Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad-independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for TGF-beta 1/1.2 Antibody (AF-101-NA)(44)

Publications using AF-101-NA

• Nguyen, KN;Graner, AN;Fringuello, AR;Zizzo, Z;Valenzuela, L;Anyanwu, K;Lillehei, KO;Youssef, AS;Guzman, S;Coughlan, C;Graner, MW; Extracellular Vesicles from a Novel Chordoma Cell Line, ARF-8, Promote Tumorigenic Microenvironmental Changes When Incubated with the Parental Cells and with Human Osteoblasts International journal of molecular sciences 2024-11-27 [PMID: 39684443] (Western Blot, Human)
• Hongyang Xu, Shylesh Bhaskaran, Katarzyna M. Piekarz, Rojina Ranjit, Jan Bian, Parker Kneis et al. Age Related Changes in Muscle Mass and Force Generation in the Triple Transgenic (3xTgAD) Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2022-04-25 [PMID: 35547624]
• P Uruski, J Miku?a-Pie, M Paku?a, S Budkiewicz, M Drzewiecki, AN Gaiday, M Wierzowiec, E Naumowicz, R Moszy?ski, A Tykarski, K Ksi??ek Malignant Ascites Promote Adhesion of Ovarian Cancer Cells to Peritoneal Mesothelium and Fibroblasts International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021-04-19;22(8):. 4/19/2021 [PMID: 33921783]
• Rohan Varshney, Rojina Ranjit, Ying Ann Chiao, Michael Kinter, Bumsoo Ahn Myocardial Hypertrophy and Compensatory Increase in Systolic Function in a Mouse Model of Oxidative Stress International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021-02-18 [PMID: 33670798]
• I Paredes, JR Vieira, B Shah, CF Ramunno, J Dyckow, H Adler, M Richter, G Schermann, E Giannakour, L Schirmer, HG Augustin, C Ruiz de Al Oligodendrocyte precursor cell specification is regulated by bidirectional neural progenitor-endothelial cell crosstalk Nature Neuroscience, 2021-01-28;0(0):. 2021-01-28 [PMID: 33510480] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• M Paku?a, E Ma?y, P Uruski, A Witucka, M Bogucka, N Jaroszewsk, N Makowska, A Niklas, R Moszy?ski, S Sajdak, A Tykarski, J Miku?a-Pie, K Ksi??ek Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of Spontaneous Senescence in Primary Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells Cancers (Basel), 2020-01-27;12(2):. 2020-01-27 [PMID: 32012719] (Neutralization, Human)
• MAA Mahdy, K Warita, YZ Hosaka Neutralization of transforming growth factor (TGF)-&amp;beta1 activity reduced fibrosis and enhanced regeneration of glycerol-injured rat muscle J. Vet. Med. Sci., 2019-12-25;82(2):168-171. 2019-12-25 [PMID: 31875598] (In Vivo, Rat)
• Coral Omene, Lin Ma, Jade Moore, Haoxu Ouyang, Irineu Illa-Bochaca, William Chou et al. Aggressive Mammary Cancers Lacking Lymphocytic Infiltration Arise in Irradiated Mice and Can Be Prevented by Dietary Intervention Cancer Immunology Research 2020-02-01 [PMID: 31831632]
• S Holvoet, M Perrot, N de Groot, G Prioult, T Mikogami, V Verhasselt, S Nutten Oral Tolerance Induction to Newly Introduced Allergen is Favored by a Transforming Growth Factor-beta-Enriched Formula Nutrients, 2019-09-13;11(9):. 2019-09-13 [PMID: 31540231] (Neutralization, Mink)
• M Paku?a, P Uruski, A Niklas, A Wo?niak, D Szpurek, A Tykarski, J Miku?a-Pie, K Ksi??ek A Unique Pattern of Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced in the Normal Peritoneal Mesothelium by High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cancers (Basel), 2019-05-13;11(5):. 2019-05-13 [PMID: 31086083] (Neutralization, Human)
• M Paku?a, J Miku?a-Pie, A Witucka, K Kostka-Jez, P Uruski, R Moszy?ski, E Naumowicz, S Sajdak, A Tykarski, K Ksi??ek The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Initiated by Malignant Ascites Underlies the Transmesothelial Invasion of Ovarian Cancer Cells Int J Mol Sci, 2019-01-02;20(1):. 2019-01-02 [PMID: 30609691] (Neutralization, Human)
• O Miroshnych, WT Chang, JL Dragoo The Use of Platelet-Rich and Platelet-Poor Plasma to Enhance Differentiation of Skeletal Myoblasts: Implications for the Use of Autologous Blood Products for Muscle Regeneration Am J Sports Med, 2016-12-27;45(4):945-953. 2016-12-27 [PMID: 28027451] (Immunoprecipitation, Human)
• Zhang P, Lo A, Huang Y, Huang G, Liang G, Mott J, Karpen G, Blakely E, Bissell M, Barcellos-Hoff M, Snijders A, Mao J Identification of genetic loci that control mammary tumor susceptibility through the host microenvironment. Sci Rep, 2015-03-09;5(0):8919. 2015-03-09 [PMID: 25747469] (IHC, Mouse)
• CHUANYUE ZONG, XIANLONG ZHANG, YING XIE, JIAWEN CHENG Transforming growth factor-beta inhibits IQ motif containing guanosine triphosphatase activating protein 1 expression in lung fibroblasts via the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway Molecular Medicine Reports 2015-07-01 [PMID: 25684348]
• Wiener Z, Band A, Kallio P, Hogstrom J, Hyvonen V, Kaijalainen S, Ritvos O, Haglund C, Kruuna O, Robine S, Louvard D, Ben-Neriah Y, Alitalo K Oncogenic mutations in intestinal adenomas regulate Bim-mediated apoptosis induced by TGF-beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2014-05-13;111(21):E2229-36. 2014-05-13 [PMID: 24825889] (Immunoprecipitation, Human)
• Yeste A, Mascanfroni I, Nadeau M, Burns E, Tukpah A, Santiago A, Wu C, Patel B, Kumar D, Quintana F IL-21 induces IL-22 production in CD4+ T cells. Nat Commun, 2014-05-06;5(0):3753. 2014-05-06 [PMID: 24796415] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Chang-Sook Hong, Laurent Muller, Theresa L. Whiteside, Michael Boyiadzis Plasma Exosomes as Markers of Therapeutic Response in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Frontiers in Immunology 2014-04-10 [PMID: 24782865]
• Kang I, Yoon D, Braun K, Wight T Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. J Biol Chem, 2014-04-09;289(22):15393-404. 2014-04-09 [PMID: 24719328] (Neutralization, Rat)
• Daniel C, Vogelbacher R, Stief A, Grigo C, Hugo C Long-term gene therapy with thrombospondin 2 inhibits TGF-beta activation, inflammation and angiogenesis in chronic allograft nephropathy. PLoS ONE, 2013-12-23;8(12):e83846. 2013-12-23 [PMID: 24376766] (IHC, Rat)
• Jelicic K, Cimbro R, Nawaz F, Huang D, Zheng X, Yang J, Lempicki R, Pascuccio M, Van Ryk D, Schwing C, Hiatt J, Okwara N, Wei D, Roby G, David A, Hwang I, Kehrl J, Arthos J, Cicala C, Fauci A The HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 impairs B cell proliferation by inducing TGF-beta1 production and FcRL4 expression. Nat Immunol, 2013-10-27;14(12):1256-65. 2013-10-27 [PMID: 24162774] (Blocking, Human)
• Brophy T, Coller B, Ahamed J Identification of the thiol isomerase-binding peptide, mastoparan, as a novel inhibitor of shear-induced transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) activation. J Biol Chem, 2013-03-05;288(15):10628-39. 2013-03-05 [PMID: 23463512] (Western Blot, Human)
• Takatoku Oida, Howard L. Weiner Murine CD4 T Cells Produce a New Form of TGF-beta as Measured by a Newly Developed TGF-beta Bioassay PLoS ONE 2011-04-11 [PMID: 21494571]
• Constantin Jotzu, Eckhard Alt, Gabriel Welte, Jie Li, Bryan T. Hennessy, Eswaran Devarajan et al. Adipose tissue derived stem cells differentiate into carcinoma-associated fibroblast-like cells under the influence of tumor derived factors Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2011-02-01 [PMID: 21327615]
• Oida T, Weiner HL Overexpression of TGF-ß 1 gene induces cell surface localized glucose-regulated protein 78-associated latency-associated peptide/TGF-ß. J. Immunol., 2010-08-18;185(6):3529-35. 2010-08-18 [PMID: 20720212] (Western Blot, Human)
• Jennifer L. Barnas, Michelle R. Simpson-Abelson, Stephen P. Brooks, Raymond J. Kelleher, Richard B. Bankert Reciprocal Functional Modulation of the Activation of T Lymphocytes and Fibroblasts Derived from Human Solid Tumors The Journal of Immunology 2010-09-01 [PMID: 20686130]
• Dana A Massuto, Eric C Kneese, Gregory A Johnson, Robert C Burghardt, R Neil Hooper, Nancy H Ing et al. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) signaling is activated during porcine implantation: proposed role for latency-associated peptide interactions with integrins at the conceptus–maternal interface REPRODUCTION 2010-02-01 [PMID: 19920116]
• Vitsky A, Waire J, Pawliuk R, Bond A, Matthews D, Lacasse E, Hawes ML, Nelson C, Richards S, Piepenhagen PA, Garman RD, Andrews L, Thurberg BL, Lonning S, Ledbetter S, Ruzek MC Homeostatic role of transforming growth factor-beta in the oral cavity and esophagus of mice and its expression by mast cells in these tissues. Am. J. Pathol., 2009-04-30;174(6):2137-49. 2009-04-30 [PMID: 19406991] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Yu S, Sharp GC, Braley-Mullen H TGF-beta promotes thyroid epithelial cell hyperplasia and fibrosis in IFN-gamma-deficient NOD.H-2h4 mice. J. Immunol., 2008-08-01;181(3):2238-45. 2008-08-01 [PMID: 18641364] (IHC-P, Mouse)
• Palma C, Iona E, Giannoni F, Pardini M, Brunori L, Fattorini L, Del Giudice G, Cassone A The LTK63 adjuvant improves protection conferred by Ag85B DNA-protein prime-boosting vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by dampening IFN-gamma response. Vaccine, 2008-06-12;26(33):4237-43. 2008-06-12 [PMID: 18584925] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Tabata T, Kawakatsu H, Maidji E, Sakai T, Sakai K, Fang-Hoover J, Aiba M, Sheppard D, Pereira L Induction of an epithelial integrin alphavbeta6 in human cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells leads to activation of transforming growth factor-beta1 and increased collagen production. Am. J. Pathol., 2008-03-18;172(4):1127-40. 2008-03-18 [PMID: 18349127] (Flow Cytometry, Human)
• Olav A. Gressner, Birgit Lahme, Monika Siluschek, Katharina Rehbein, Jens Herrmann, Ralf Weiskirchen et al. Activation of TGF-beta within cultured hepatocytes and in liver injury leads to intracrine signaling with expression of connective tissue growth factor Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 2008-12-02 [PMID: 18266973] (Neutralization, Rat)
• Pierre-Jean Wipff, Daniel B. Rifkin, Jean-Jacques Meister, Boris Hinz Myofibroblast contraction activates latent TGF-beta1 from the extracellular matrix The Journal of Cell Biology 2007-12-17 [PMID: 18086923]
• Ruzek MC, Waire JS, Hopkins D, Lacorcia G, Sullivan J, Roberts BL, Richards SM, Nahill SR, Williams JM, Scaria A, Dzuris J, Shankara S, Garman RD Characterization of in vitro antimurine thymocyte globulin-induced regulatory T cells that inhibit graft-versus-host disease in vivo. Blood, 2007-11-19;111(3):1726-34. 2007-11-19 [PMID: 18025149] (Flow Cytometry, Mouse)
• Lin J, Patel SR, Wang M, Dressler GR The cysteine-rich domain protein KCP is a suppressor of transforming growth factor beta/activin signaling in renal epithelia. Mol. Cell. Biol., 2006-06-01;26(12):4577-85. 2006-06-01 [PMID: 16738323] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Neurohr C, Nishimura SL, Sheppard D Activation of transforming growth factor-beta by the integrin alphavbeta8 delays epithelial wound closure. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2006-03-30;35(2):252-9. 2006-03-30 [PMID: 16574941] (Neutralization, Human)
• Murphy MO, Ghosh J, Fulford P, Khwaja N, Halka AT, Carter A, Turner NJ, Walker MG Expression of growth factors and growth factor receptor in non-healing and healing ischaemic ulceration. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2006-01-20;31(5):516-22. 2006-01-20 [PMID: 16427789] (IHC, Human)
• Dasgupta S, Bhattacharya-Chatterjee M, O&amp;apos;Malley BW, Chatterjee SK Tumor metastasis in an orthotopic murine model of head and neck cancer: possible role of TGF-beta 1 secreted by the tumor cells. J. Cell. Biochem., 2006-04-01;97(5):1036-51. 2006-04-01 [PMID: 16294321] (IHC-Fr, IHC-P, Mouse)
• François Ghiringhelli, Cédric Ménard, Magali Terme, Caroline Flament, Julien Taieb, Nathalie Chaput et al. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibit natural killer cell functions in a transforming growth factor-beta-dependent manner The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2005-10-17 [PMID: 16230475]
• Helantera I, Loginov R, Koskinen P, Tornroth T, Gronhagen-Riska C, Lautenschlager I Persistent cytomegalovirus infection is associated with increased expression of TGF-beta1, PDGF-AA and ICAM-1 and arterial intimal thickening in kidney allografts. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 2005-02-16;20(4):790-6. 2005-02-16 [PMID: 15716293] (IHC, Human)
• Mesples B, Fontaine RH, Lelievre V, Launay JM, Gressens P Neuronal TGF-beta1 mediates IL-9/mast cell interaction and exacerbates excitotoxicity in newborn mice. Neurobiol. Dis., 2005-02-01;18(1):193-205. 2005-02-01 [PMID: 15649710] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Godfrey WR, Spoden DJ, Ge YG, Baker SR, Liu B, Levine BL, June CH, Blazar BR, Porter SB Cord blood CD4(+)CD25(+)-derived T regulatory cell lines express FoxP3 protein and manifest potent suppressor function. Blood, 2004-09-16;105(2):750-8. 2004-09-16 [PMID: 15374887] (Neutralization, Human)
• Conant SB, Swanborg RH Autoreactive T cells persist in rats protected against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and can be activated through stimulation of innate immunity. J. Immunol., 2004-05-01;172(9):5322-8. 2004-05-01 [PMID: 15100271] (Neutralization, Rat)
• Allen SS, Cassone L, Lasco TM Effect of neutralizing transforming growth factor beta1 on the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in guinea pigs. Infect. Immun., 2004-03-01;72(3):1358-63. 2004-03-01 [PMID: 14977939] (Neutralization, Guinea Pig)
• Ohtani K, Egashira K, Usui M, Ishibashi M, Hiasa KI, Zhao Q, Aoki M, Kaneda Y, Morishita R, Takeshita A Inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury by cis-element 'decoy' of early growth response gene-1 in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Gene Ther., 2004-01-01;11(2):126-32. 2004-01-01 [PMID: 14712296] (IHC-Fr, Rabbit)

Bioinformatics

• Uniprot:
  • P01137(Human)