Reactivity | HuSpecies Glossary |
Applications | Binding Activity |
Format | Carrier-Free |
Details of Functionality | Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. In a 100 µL reaction mixture containing rhActivin AC at 2 nM and rhActivin RIIB/Fc Chimera dilutions at 0.02-41 nM, the concentration of rhActivin RIIB/Fc Chimera (Catalog # 339-RBB) that produces 50% of the optimal binding response is found to be approximately 0.8-4 nM. |
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Source | Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived human Activin AC protein
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Accession # | ||||||||
N-terminal Sequence | Gly311 ( beta A subunit) & Gly237 ( beta C subunit) |
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Structure / Form | Disulfide-linked heterodimer |
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Protein/Peptide Type | Recombinant Proteins |
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Purity | >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain |
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Endotoxin Note | <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method. |
Theoretical MW | 12.9 kDa ( beta A subunit), 12.5 kDa ( beta C subunit). Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. |
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SDS-PAGE | 23 kDa, reducing conditions |
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Publications |
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Storage | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Buffer | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in HCl. |
Purity | >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain |
Reconstitution Instructions | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCI. |
Activins and inhibins are TGF-beta superfamily proteins that regulate a wide range of processes including mesoderm induction, reproductive system development and function, liver growth and regeneration, wound healing, and inflammation. Activins and inhibins share a variety of beta subunits, while inhibins also possess a unique alpha subunit. There are four human inhibin beta subunits ( beta A, beta B, beta C, and beta E) and a single inhibin alpha subunit, each of which adopts a cysteine-knot structure (1 - 5). Activin AC is a 23 kDa heterodimer of beta A and beta C subunits (6). Human beta A consists of a 20 amino acid (aa) signal sequence, a 290 aa propeptide, and a 116 aa mature segment, while beta C consists of an 18 aa signal sequence, a 218 aa propeptide, and a 116 aa mature segment (8, 9). The subunit beta propeptides are required for subunit folding, dimerization, and secretion (10). Mature human beta A shares 64%, 51%, and 44% aa sequence identity with human beta B, beta C, and beta E, respectively. Sequence identity between human, mouse, and rat is 100% for mature beta A, and 91% - 93% for mature beta C. The beta A and beta C subunits are both expressed in the liver, pituitary, ovary, testis, and adrenal gland (1, 6, 11). The beta C subunit may dimerize with beta A, beta B or the inhibin alpha subunit (6, 7). Overexpression of beta C results in increased production of Activin AC as well as a reduction in beta A expression and activin induced signaling (12, 13). The beta C subunit modulates activin induced effects in a variety of systems by forming intracellular dimers with the beta A subunit and impeding the release of Activins A, AB, and B (2, 12). Activins signal through heterodimeric receptor complexes composed of type I (Activin RIA or RIB) and type II (Activin RIIA or RIIB) transmembrane Ser/Thr kinases.
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