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Cdc34 is a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (UBC) or E2 that has been shown to be essential for the G1 to S phase transition in S. cerevisiae. Human Cdc34 fully complements the budding yeast Cdc34 temperature sensitive mutant phenotype. In egg extracts of the frog Xenopus laevis, Cdc34 has been shown to be required for the onset of DNA replication and appears to function in a multi-protein complex. Also, Cdc34 is highly conserved among vertebrates and is likely to function in a similar manner in all eukaryotes to regulate the start of DNA synthesis.
