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Thioredoxins are a group of small redox active proteins which have a conserved active site sequence. The predicted 32.3-kD protein of TXNL1 (Thioredoxin like protein 1) has 2 distinct domains: an N terminal domain, which is 43% identical to human TXN, and a C terminal domain, which showed no homology to other proteins in the sequence databases. The active site sequence, located within the N terminal domain, is that of a thioredoxin like protein; compared to the active site sequence of TXN, it has a single amino acid substitution. Unlike other thioredoxin like proteins, TXNL1 did not act as a substrate for thioredoxin reductase in an insulin assay.
