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GALNT12, also known as Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 12, has a 581 amino acid long isoform that is 67 kDa and a short 272 amino acid isoform that is 32 kDa, plays role in catalyzing the initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, and the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor; displays activity toward non-glycosylated peptides such as Muc5AC, Muc1a and EA2, Gal-NAc-Muc5AC glycopeptide; and initializes mucin-type oligosaccharide biosynthesis in digestive organs. Studies on this protein have shown a relationship with the following disorders and diseases: colorectal cancer, colon cancer, cerebritis, thyroiditis, and prostatitis. This protein has also been shown to have interactions with MUC7, MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and C1GALT1 in the pathways such as the O-linked glycosylation of mucins, metabolism of proteins, post-translational protein modification, and mucin type O-Glycan biosynthesis.
