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Citrullination Bioinformatics

Citrullination, also referred to as deimination, is a type of post-translational modification (PTM). The process of citrullination involves the conversion of one or more Arginine amino acids into Citrulline. Peptidylarginine Deiminases (PADs) are enzymes that catalyze this PTM by replacing the aldimine functional group with a ketone group. Citrullination is an essential post-translational modification as it regulates gene expression and may play a role in autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Citrullination Bioinformatics Tool

Laverne is a handy bioinformatics tool to help facilitate scientific exploration of related genes, diseases and pathways based on co-citations. Explore more on Citrullination below! For more information on how to use Laverne, please read the How to Guide.
Vizit™, under license from BioVista Inc.

Top Research Reagents

We have 1959 products for the study of Citrullination that can be applied to Western Blot, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry from our catalog of antibodies and ELISA kits.

CRYGD Antibody
NBP2-68641
Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: CRYGD Antibody [NBP2-68641] - Staining of human cell line HEL shows localization to plasma membrane, intermediate filaments & cytokinetic bridge.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications ICC/IF

PADI4 Antibody (OTI4H5)
NBP2-02082
Western Blot: PADI4 Antibody (4H5) [NBP2-02082] - HEK293T cells were transfected with the pCMV6-ENTRY control (Left lane) or pCMV6-ENTRY PAD4 (Right lane) cDNA for 48 hrs and lysed. Equivalent amounts of cell lysates (5 ug per lane) were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with anti-PAD4.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: PADI4 Antibody (4H5) [NBP2-02082] - Staining of COS7 cells transiently transfected by pCMV6-ENTRY PAD4.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Monkey
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

Proteinase 3/Myeloblastin/PRTN3 Antibody
NBP1-25966
Western Blot: Proteinase 3/Myeloblastin/PRTN3 Antibody [NBP1-25966] - Human PMN (peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from buffycoat; denatured, reduced) using Rabbit antibody to c-terminal region of Pr3 (Wegener autoantigen): whole serum at 1: 500 dilution; blocked with 1% LFDM for 15 minutes at room temperature with shake, primary antibody incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature, washed 3 times with PBST, 5 minutes each. Secondary antibody was also incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Proteinase 3/Myeloblastin/PRTN3 Antibody [NBP1-25966] - Human PBMC were isolated and adjusted to 106 cells. Cells were fixed with 2% formaldehyde for 10 min at 37C. Washed twice with PBS before cytospin the cells onto microscope slides. Cells were blocked with PBS containing 1%BSA for 20 min at RT. Excess of blocking solution was removed and cells were then incubated with Rabbit Ab to c-terminal region of Pr3 (Wegener autoantigen): whole serum for 30 min at RT (diluted 1:100 in the blocking buffer). Washed 3X with PBS and incubated with anti-Rabbit Alexa 586 for further 30 min. Washed as before and nuclear counterstained with DAPI. Neutrophils and Monocytes, known to have PR3 are intensely stained by the Rabbit Ab to c-terminal region of Pr3 (Wegener autoantigen): whole serum.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

1 Publication
Vimentin Antibody
NB300-223
Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Vimentin Antibody [NB300-223] - analysis of HeLa cell culture stained with chicken pAb to vimentin, NB300-223, dilution 1:10,000 in green, and costained with EnCor mouse mAb to actin, dilution 1:500 in red. The blue is DAPI staining of nuclear DNA. The vimentin antibody stains the intermediate filament network while the actin antibody labels the submembranous cytoskeleton, stress fibers, and bundles of actin associated with cell adhesion sites.Immunohistochemistry-Frozen: Vimentin Antibody [NB300-223] - 10 um Cryosections from PFA fixed murine brain acute slices stained with Vimentin antibody (1:600) and Alexa Fluor 488 anti chicken IgG. Antibody showed specific staining, also of blood vessels. Image from verified customer review.

Chicken Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

     4 Reviews

25 Publications
TNF-alpha [Unconjugated]
210-TA
Recombinant Human TNF-alpha (Catalog # 210‑TA) induces cytotoxicity in the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 25‑100 pg/mL.1 µg/lane of Recombinant Human TNF-alpha was resolved by SDS-PAGE with silver staining, under reducing (R) conditions, showing a band at 17 kDa.


Species Human

     22 Reviews

557 Publications
HLA DRB4 Antibody (4C8)
H00003126-M01
Western Blot: HLA DRB4 Antibody (4C8) [H00003126-M01] - HLA-DRB4 monoclonal antibody (M01), clone 4C8. Analysis of HLA-DRB4 expression in human kidney.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: HLA DRB4 Antibody (4C8) [H00003126-M01] - Analysis of monoclonal antibody to HLA-DRB4 on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human tonsil. Antibody concentration 1 ug/ml.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ELISA, IHC-P

1 Publication
HLA DRB1 Antibody (HLA-DRB/1067)
NBP2-45314
Western Blot: HLA DRB1 Antibody (HLA-DRB/1067) [NBP2-45314] - Anaysis of Ramos Cell Lyste using HLA-DRB Monoclonal Antibody (HLA-DRB/1067).Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: HLA DRB1 Antibody (HLA-DRB/1067) [NBP2-45314] - Human Tonsil stained with HLA-DRB Monoclonal Antibody (HLA-DRB/1067).

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Monkey
Applications WB, Flow, IHC-P

HLA DRB5 Antibody
NBP2-14093
Western Blot: HLA DRB5 Antibody [NBP2-14093] - Analysis in human cell line HDLM-2.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: HLA DRB5 Antibody [NBP2-14093] - Staining of human tonsil shows moderate cytoplasmic positivity in germinal center cells.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, IHC, IHC-P

Recombinant Human HLA DRB3 Protein
H00003125-P01
12.5% SDS-PAGE Stained with Coomassie Blue.


Species Human
DHX40 Antibody
NBP1-91834
Western Blot: DHX40 Antibody [NBP1-91834] - Lane 1: NIH-3T3 cell lysate (Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells) Lane 2: NBT-II cell lysate (Rat Wistar bladder tumour cells)Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: DHX40 Antibody [NBP1-91834] - Immunofluorescent staining of human cell line U-251 MG shows localization to nucleoplasm.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

MBP Antibody (12)
NB600-717
Western Blot: MBP Antibody (12) [NB600-717] - Mouse Brain Tissue lysate probed with Rat anti MBP.Immunohistochemistry-Frozen: MBP Antibody (12) [NB600-717] - Staining of MBP in mouse brain corpus callosum. Image from verified customer review.

Rat Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, ELISA, ICC/IF

     3 Reviews

16 Publications
CSRP1 Antibody
AF5739
Western blot shows lysates of ME-180 human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line, HT-2 mouse T cell line, and Rat-2 rat embryonic fibroblast cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.5 µg/mL Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat CSRP1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF5739) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # <A class=NoLineLink href=

Goat Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB

Fucosyltransferase 2/FUT2 Antibody
NBP1-80775
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Fucosyltransferase 2/FUT2 Antibody [NBP1-80775] - Staining of human duodenum shows cytoplasmic positivity in glandular cells.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications IHC, IHC-P

1 Publication
SQLE Antibody
NBP2-32001
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: SQLE Antibody [NBP2-32001] - Staining of human skin shows moderate cytoplasmic positivity in squamous epithelial cells.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: SQLE Antibody [NBP2-32001] - Staining of human colon shows moderate cytoplasmic positivity in myocytes.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse
Applications WB, IHC, IHC-P

1 Publication
ER alpha/NR3A1 Antibody (33)
NB300-560
Western Blot: ER alpha/NR3A1 Antibody (33) [NB300-560] - Analysis of recombinant ER alpha.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: ER alpha/NR3A1 Antibody (33) [NB300-560] - Human breast tissue (B) and magnified section (C) compared with an isotype control (A).

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, IHC, IHC-Fr

2 Publications
Filaggrin Antibody
NBP1-87527
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Filaggrin Antibody [NBP1-87527] - Staining of human liver.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Filaggrin Antibody [NBP1-87527] - Staining of paraffin embedded human skin tissue using Filaggrin antibody. Image from verified customer review.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications IHC, IHC-P

     1 Review

Enolase 1 Antibody (8G8)
H00002023-M01
Western Blot: Enolase 1 Antibody (8G8) [H00002023-M01] - ENO1 monoclonal antibody (M01), clone 8G8. Analysis of ENO1 expression in human colon.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Enolase 1 Antibody (8G8) [H00002023-M01] - Analysis of monoclonal antibody to ENO1 on HeLa cell. Antibody concentration 10 ug/ml.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ELISA, ICC/IF

5 Publications
Lyp/PTPN22 Antibody (340113)
MAB3428
Western blot shows lysates of Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line, Daudi human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, and Ramos human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Mouse Anti-Human Lyp Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB3428) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # <A class=NoLineLink href=Lyp was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human lymph node using 25 µg/mL Mouse Anti-Human Lyp Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB3428) overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained with the Anti-Mouse HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # <A class=NoLineLink href=

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, IHC

     1 Review

1 Publication
PADI2 Antibody
AF7257
PADI2 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human Alzheimer's brain (cortex) using Sheep Anti-Human PADI2 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF7257) at 3 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # <A class=NoLineLink href=

Sheep Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications IHC