Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 His-tag Protein, CF

2 μg/lane of Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 His-tag (Catalog # 10686-CV) was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by Coomassie® Blue staining, showing a band at ~92 kDa under reducing conditions.

• Reactivity: V
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 His-tag Protein, CF Summary

• Source: Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived sars-cov-2 NSP12 protein
  Ser1-Gln932
  with an N-terminal Met and a C-terminal 6-His tag
• Accession #: YP_009725307.1
• N-terminal Sequence: Protein identity confirmed by mass spectrometry
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Theoretical MW: 109 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 88-98 kDa, under reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 6 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after opening.
• Buffer: Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in HEPES, NaCl, MgCl₂, TCEP and Glycerol.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 His-tag Protein, CF

• NSP12

Background

Non-structural protein 12 (NSP12) contains RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) catalytic activity and is commonly identified as the viral RdRp (1). It is one of several functional proteins released by ORF1a-encoded protease cleavage of the pp1a and pp1ab replicase polyproteins expressed from the coronavirus (CoV) genome (2). The NSPs are involved in the replication and transcription of the viral RNA and not incorporated within the virion particles. Coronaviruses include various highly pathogenic strains such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 that have had significant impact on humans in addition to strains that have negatively impacted livestock. NSP12 is a multidomain 932 amino acid enzyme. The C-terminal polymerase domain is responsible for the synthesis of viral RNA and consequently plays a central role in the replication and transcription cycle of SARS-CoV2. The RdRp is considered a primary target for antiviral inhibition through development of chain-terminating nucleotide analogs.  The polymerase active site includes seven conserved motifs maintained  across most viral RdRps as well as divalent-cation-binding and catalytic residues (3-5). Several nucleotide analog drugs such as remdesivir have shown potential for treatment of SARS-CoV2 viral infections (6, 7). Additional analogs such as sofosbuvir have been effective in Hepatitis C infection (3, 8) suggesting viral RdRps can be used to target development of more potent or broader-spectrum antiviral inhibitors (4). While SARS-CoV2 RdRp has been shown to have minimal activity on its own, the polymerase activity is stimulated in the presence of NSP7 & NSP8 cofactors that form a complex and effectively lower the dissociation rate of NSP12 from RNA (9).  NSP12 can interact with the NSP7 and NSP8 heterodimer or NSP8 alone (1, 4). NSP12 has separately been shown to bind several host proteins including receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and may play a role in modulating host cell response (10). The C-terminal polymerase domain is connected via an interface domain (4) to a conserved N-terminal extension domain that has nucleotidylation activity (NiRAN domain). The presence of the NiRAN domain is essential for replication (11) and has homology to the nucleotide-binding site of protein kinases (12) suggesting NSP12 may play a role as a guanylyl transferase in the capping pathway (11) that stabilizes viral RNA.

1. Hartenian, E. et al. (2020) J. Biol. Chem. 295:12910.
2. Snijder, E.J. et al. (2016) Adv. Virus Res. 96:59.
3. Appleby, T.C. et al. (2015) Science. 347:771.
4. Gao, Y. et al. (2020) Science. 368:779.
5. Yin, W. et al. (2020) Science. 368:1499.
6. Lu, C-C. et al. (2020) J. Chin. Med. Assoc. 83:534.
7. Sheahan, T.P. et al. (2020) Sci. Transl. Med. 12:eabb5883.
8. Gane, E.J. et al. (2013) N. Engl. J. Med. 358:34. 
9. Subissi, L. et al. (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111:E3900.
10. Gordon, D.E. et al. (2020) Nature. 53:459.
11. Lehmann, K.C. et al. (2015) Nucleic Acids Res.43:8416.
12. Kirchdoerfer, R.N. and A.B. Ward (2019) Nat. Commun. 10:2342.

Publications for NSP12 (10686-CV)(2)

Publications using 10686-CV

• Haystead, T;Lee, E;Cho, K;Gullickson, G;Hughes, P;Krafsur, G;Freeze, R;Scarneo, S; Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 individual proteins reveals the in vitro and in vivo immunogenicity of membrane protein Scientific reports 2023-12-18 [PMID: 38129491] (Bioassay, Human)
• G Yeo, J Xiang, J Mueller, EC Luo, B Yee, D Schafer, J Schmok, F Tan, K Rothamel, R McVicar, E Kwong, B Croker, K Jones, HL Her, CY Chen, A Vu, W Jin, S Park, P Le, K Brennan, E Kofman, Y Li, A Tankka, K Dong, Y Song, A Clark, A Carlin, EV Nostrand, S Leibel Discovery and functional interrogation of SARS-CoV-2 protein-RNA interactions Research square, 2022-03-17;0(0):. 2022-03-17 [PMID: 35313591] (Bioassay, N/A)

Bioinformatics

• Uniprot:
  • YP_009725307.1()