Goat anti-Monkey IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody [Biotin] (Azide Free)

Product Discontinued

Goat anti-Monkey IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody [Biotin] (Azide Free) Summary

• Description: The lyophilized conjugate is shipped at ambient temperature and may be stored at 4C; prolonged storage at or below -20C. Prior to use, an aliquot is thawed slowly at ambient temperature, spun down again and used to prepare working dilutions by adding sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2). Repeated thawing and freezing should be avoided. Working dilutions should be stored at 4C, not refrozen, and preferably used the same day. If a slight precipitation occurs upon storage, this should be removed by centrifugation. It will not affect the performance of the immunoconjugate.
• Immunogen: This Goat anti-Monkey IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody [Biotin] (Azide Free) was developed against purified normal IgG isolated from pooled rhesus monkey serum. Freund's complete adjuvant is used in the first step of the immunization procedure.
• Specificity: Biotin-conjugated IgG fraction of polyclonal goat antiserum to monkey IgG, heavy and light chains.
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Purity: Ion exchange chromatography

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Dot Blot 1:100-1:2000
  • ELISA 1:100-1:2000
  • Immunoblotting 1:100 - 1:2000
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence 1:10 - 1:500
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin 1:10 - 1:500
• Application Notes: .

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from PBS (pH 7.2)
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Purity: Ion exchange chromatography
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute by by adding 1 ml sterile distilled water, spun down to remove insoluble particles, divided into small aliquots, frozen and stored at or below -20C.

Background

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Igs) are critical for immunity and are grouped into five primary classes: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE. The most abundant antibody isotype is immunoglobulin G (IgG) with concentrations ranging from 7.5-22 mg/ml in human serum and has a molecular weight of 150 kDa. The major effector functions of IgG include neutralization, opsonization, complement fixation and antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). This monomeric immunoglobulin, expressed on the surface of mature B cells, is often depicted as a Y-shape and comprised of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains linked by disulfide bonds. The heavy chain is type gamma including subtypes gamma 1, gamma 2, gamma 3, and gamma 4 while the light chain is either a kappa or lambda chain. An IgG molecule has two antigen binding sites, each consisting of a heavy and light chain N-terminal variable domain. When combined with the constant heavy chain 1 (Ch1) and the constant light chain domains, it forms the fragment antigen-binding (Fab) region (2 per antibody). The remaining domains (Ch2-Ch4) of both heavy chains make up the Fc region and contain a site for covalently linking an enzymatic or fluorochrome probe, such as HRP or Janelia Fluor 549, for target detection and visualization (1,2,3).

The 4 IgG subclasses, sharing 95% amino acid identity, include IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 for humans and IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 for mice. The relative abundance of each human subclass is 60% for IgG1, 32% for IgG2, 4% for IgG3, and 4% for IgG4. In an IgG deficiency, there may be a shortage of one or more subclasses (4).

References

1. Painter RH. (1998) Encyclopedia of Immunology (Second Edition). Elsevier. 1208-1211

2. Chapter 9 - Antibodies. (2012) Immunology for Pharmacy. Mosby 70-78

3. Schroeder H, Cavacini, L. (2010) Structure and Function of Immunoglobulins. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 125(2 0 2): S41-S52. PMID: 20176268

4. Vidarsson G, Dekkers G, Rispens T. (2014) IgG subclasses and allotypes: from structure to effector functions. Front Immunol. 5:520. PMID: 25368619

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Secondary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.