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Brain Injuries: Disease Bioinformatics

Brain injuries, otherwise known as traumatic brain injuries, occur as a result of physical damage to the brain. This damage can be due to a force to either the head or the body that causes the brain to bump into the skull, or when an object pierces the skull and enters the brain tissue. Brain injuries can lead to a number of side effects, depending on the location and severity of the injury. Some of these effects include a loss of consciousness, dizziness, nausea, and behavioral and mood changes. Certain brain injuries can lead to permanent brain damage, and in some cases, death. Treatment of brain injuries depends on the individual, but many doctors focus on stabilizing the patient and ensuring no further damage by providing an adequate oxygen and blood supply to the tissues. Surgery may be required to repair hematomas or contusions, but often the tissue damage that occurs as the result of a brain injury is permanent.

Brain Injuries Bioinformatics Tool

Laverne is a handy bioinformatics tool to help facilitate scientific exploration of related genes, diseases and pathways based on co-citations. Explore more on Brain Injuries below! For more information on how to use Laverne, please read the How to Guide.
Vizit™, under license from BioVista Inc.

Top Research Reagents

We have 2748 products for the study of Brain Injuries that can be applied to Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Flow Cytometry, Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot from our catalog of antibodies and ELISA kits.

iNOS Antibody - BSA Free
NB300-605
Western Blot: iNOS Antibody [NB300-605] - Analysis of iNOS was performed by loading 20 ug of RAW264 whole cell lysate untreated (left lane) or stimulated with LPS at 1 ug/mL for 16 hours (right lane) and 10 uL of PageRuler Plus Prestained Protein Ladder onto a 4-20% Tris-Glycine polyacrylamide gel. Proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane and blocked with 5% Milk in TBST for at least 1 hour. The membrane was probed with an iNOS Rabbit polyclonal antibody at a dilution of 1:1000 overnight at 4C on a rocking platform, washed in TBST, and probed with a Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, HRP conjugate at a dilution of 1:1000 for 1 hour. Chemiluminescent detection was performed using SuperSignal West Pico.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: iNOS Antibody [NB300-605] - Immunohistochemistry was performed on normal deparaffinized human Lung tissue.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Flow, IB

     3 Reviews

93 Publications
UGCG Antibody (1E5)
H00007357-M03
Western Blot: UGCG Antibody (1E5) [H00007357-M03] - Analysis of UGCG expression in HL-60.Western Blot: UGCG Antibody (1E5) [H00007357-M03] - Detection of UGCG in HT29 human colon carcinoma cells. Image provided courtesy of Dr. James Madigan.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ELISA

     1 Review

3 Publications
Enolase 2/Neuron-specific Enolase Antibody
NB110-58870
Western Blot: Enolase 2/Neuron-specific Enolase Antibody [NB110-58870] - Analysis of different tissue and cell lysates using rabbit pAb to neuron specific enolase (NSE), NB110-58870, dilution 1:5,000 in green: [1] protein standard (red), [2] rat brain, [3] rat spinal cord, [4] mouse brain, [5] mouse spinal cord, [6] NIH-3T3, [7] HEK293, [8] HeLa, [9] SH-SY5Y, and [10] C6 cells. A single band at about 47kDa corresponds to the NSE protein, seen only in extracts containing neurons ro neuronal lineage cells.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Enolase 2/Neuron-specific Enolase Antibody [NB110-58870] - Analysis of mixed cortical neuron-glial cell culture from E20 rat stained with rabbit pAb to neuron specific enolase (NSE), NB110-58870, dilution 1:500 in red, and costained with chicken pAb to GFAP, dilution 1:5,000 in green. The blue is Hoechst staining of nuclear DNA. the NSE antibody labels protein expressed in neuronal cells, while the GFAP antibody stains intermediate filaments in astrocytic and certain other glial cells.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, ICC/IF

     2 Reviews

5 Publications
Carbonic Anhydrase I/CA1 Antibody
NBP1-88191
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Carbonic Anhydrase I/CA1 Antibody [NBP1-88191] - Analysis in human rectum and pancreas tissues. Corresponding CA1 RNA-seq data are presented for the same tissues.Western Blot: Carbonic Anhydrase I/CA1 Antibody [NBP1-88191] - Comparative proteome analysis of 3xTg-AD and control samples at different stages of AD. Immunoblot analysis of most regulated hits. Soluble fractions of brain proteins were analyzed from four 2-month-old control and 3xTg-AD mice animals, respectively. Hebp1 and Glo1 levels were consistently elevated in the transgenic animals as compared to wild type controls. Ca1 levels were reduced in transgenic animals. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://elifesciences.org/articles/47498), licensed under a CC-BY licence.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse
Applications WB, IHC, IHC-P

3 Publications
AKAP4 Antibody
NBP1-89165
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: AKAP4 Antibody [NBP1-89165] - Staining of human colon.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: AKAP4 Antibody [NBP1-89165] - Staining of human endometrium shows low expression as expected.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications IHC, IHC-P

1 Publication
Carbonic Anhydrase III/CA3 Antibody (4A12-1A3)
H00000761-M02
Western Blot: Carbonic Anhydrase III/CA3 Antibody (4A12-1A3) [H00000761-M02] - CA3 monoclonal antibody (M02), clone 4A12-1A3 Analysis of CA3 expression in K-562.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Carbonic Anhydrase III/CA3 Antibody (4A12-1A3) [H00000761-M02] - Analysis of monoclonal antibody to CA3 on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human skeletal muscle. Antibody concentration 3 ug/ml.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse
Applications WB, ELISA, Func

5 Publications
Catalase Antibody [Unconjugated]
AF3398
Western blot shows lysates of Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line, Raji human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line, NIH‑3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line, A20 mouse B cell lymphoma cell line, and<br>Rat‑2 rat embryonic fibroblast cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.5 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat Catalase Antigen Affinity‑purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF3398) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti‑Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # <a class=Simple Western lane view shows lysates of Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line and Raji human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, loaded at 0.2 mg/mL. A specific band was detected for Catalase at approximately 62 kDa (as indicated) using 5 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat Catalase Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF3398) followed by 1:50 dilution of HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # <a class=

Goat Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, ICC

     3 Reviews

6 Publications
Caspase-3 Antibody [Unconjugated] - Active
AF835
Caspase‑3 was detected in immersion fixed anti-FAS treated Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line using 0.3 µg/mL Human/Mouse Active Caspase‑3 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF835) for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained (red) and counterstained (green). View our protocol for <A class= Caspase‑3 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human colon cancer tissue using Rabbit Anti-Human/Mouse Active Caspase‑3 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF835) at 1 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Rabbit IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # <a class=

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse
Applications IHC, ICC

     7 Reviews

202 Publications
Albumin Antibody (188835) [Unconjugated] - Serum
MAB1455
Western blot shows lysate of human liver tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Mouse Anti-Human Serum Albumin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1455) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # <a class= Simple Western lane view shows lysates of human serum, loaded at 1:25000. A specific band was detected for Albumin at approximately 64 kDa (as indicated) using 1 µg/mL of Mouse Anti-Human Serum Albumin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1455) . This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using the 12-230 kDa separation system.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, Simple Western, IHC

     3 Reviews

31 Publications
Erythropoietin/EPO [HRP]
MEP00B
Erythropoietin/EPO [HRP] Erythropoietin/EPO [HRP]


Species Mouse
Applications ELISA

99 Publications
IL-6 [HRP]
D6050
IL-6 [HRP] IL-6 [HRP]


Species Human
Applications ELISA

709 Publications
TNF-alpha [Unconjugated]
210-TA
1 µg/lane of Recombinant Human TNF-alpha was resolved by SDS-PAGE with silver staining, under reducing (R) conditions, showing a band at 17 kDa.Recombinant Human TNF-alpha (Catalog # 210‑TA) induces cytotoxicity in the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 25‑100 pg/mL.


Species Human
Applications BA

     3 Reviews

743 Publications
GM-CSF [Unconjugated]
7954-GM/CF
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 6-30 pg/mL.


Species Human
Applications BA

3 Publications
LAMC2 Antibody (CL2980)
NBP2-42388
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: LAMC2 Antibody (CL2980) [NBP2-42388] - Staining in human fallopian tube and liver tissues. Corresponding LAMC2 RNA-seq data are presented for the same tissues.Western Blot: LAMC2 Antibody (CL2980) [NBP2-42388] - Analysis in A-431 cells transfected with control siRNA, target specific siRNA probe #1 and #2, using Anti-LAMC2 antibody. Remaining relative intensity is presented. Loading control: Anti-GAPDH.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

2 Publications
S100B Antibody (15F9NB) - BSA Free
NBP2-45267
Western Blot: S100B Antibody (15F9NB) [NBP2-45267] - Total protein from human brain (1) and mouse brain (2) was separated on a 4-15% gel by SDS-PAGE, transferred to 0.2 um PVDF membrane for 30 minutes and blocked in 5% non-fat milk in TBST. The membrane was probed with 2 ug/ml anti-S100B in 1% milk and detected with an anti-mouse HRP secondary antibody using chemiluminescence.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: S100B Antibody (15F9NB) [NBP2-45267] - Analysis in A431 cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X TBS + 0.5% Triton X-100. The cells were incubated with S100B (15F4NB) at a 1:100 dilution overnight at 4 degrees Celsius and detected with DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:500 dilution. Actin was detected with Phalloidin 568 (Red) at a 1:200 dilution. Nuclei were detected with DAPI (Blue) at 2.0 ug/ml in 1X PBS. Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

GCLC Antibody (3H1)
H00002729-M01
Western Blot: GCLC Antibody (3H1) [H00002729-M01] - Analysis of GCLC expression in transfected 293T cell line by GCLC monoclonal antibody (M01), clone 3H1.Lane 1: GCLC transfected lysate(72.8 KDa).Lane 2: Non-transfected lysate.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: GCLC Antibody (3H1) [H00002729-M01] - Analysis of monoclonal antibody to GCLC on HeLa cell. Antibody concentration 10 ug/ml.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, ELISA, ICC/IF

15 Publications
GFAP Antibody
NB300-141
Immunohistochemistry: GFAP Antibody [NB300-141] - Analysis of a rat cerebellum section stained with rabbit polyclonal antibody to GFAP, NB300-141, dilution 1:5000 in green and mouse monoclonal antibody to MeCP2, dilution 1:500, in red. The blue is DAPI staining of nuclear DNA. Following transcardial perfusion of rat with 4% paraformaldehyde, brain was post fixed for 1 hour, cut to 45 uM, and free-floating sections were stained with above antibodies. The GFAP antibody stains the network of astrocytic cells and the processes of Bergmann glia in the molecular layer. The MeCP2 antibody specifically labels nuclei of certain neurons.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: GFAP Antibody [NB300-141] - Rat neurons stained with Neurofilament Heavy antibody NB300-217 (red) and GFAP antibody NB300-141 (green).

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, ICC/IF

     12 Reviews

84 Publications
SUR1 Antibody (S289-16)
NBP2-59320
Western Blot: SUR1 Antibody (S289-16) [NBP2-59320] - Western Blot analysis of Rat Brain Membrane showing detection of ~160 kDa SUR1 protein using Mouse Anti-SUR1 Monoclonal Antibody, Clone S289-16 (NBP2-59320). Lane 1: Molecular Weight Ladder. Lane 2: Rat Brain Membrane. Load: 15 ug. Block: 2% BSA and 2% Skim Milk in 1X TBST. Primary Antibody: Mouse Anti-SUR1 Monoclonal Antibody (NBP2-59320) at 1:200 for 16 hours at 4C. Secondary Antibody: Goat Anti-Mouse IgG: HRP at 1:1000 for 1 hour RT. Color Development: ECL solution for 6 min in RT. Predicted/Observed Size: ~160 kDa.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SUR1 Antibody (S289-16) [NBP2-59320] - Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence analysis using Mouse Anti-SUR1 Monoclonal Antibody, Clone S289-16 (NBP2-59320). Tissue: Neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Species: Human. Fixation: 4% PFA for 15 min. Primary Antibody: Mouse Anti-SUR1 Monoclonal Antibody (NBP2-59320) at 1:50 for overnight at 4C with slow rocking. Secondary Antibody: AlexaFluor 488 at 1:1000 for 1 hour at RT. Counterstain: Phalloidin-iFluor 647 (red) F-Actin stain; Hoechst (blue) nuclear stain at 1:800, 1.6mM for 20 min at RT. (A) Hoechst (blue) nuclear stain. (B) Phalloidin-iFluor 647 (red) F-Actin stain. (C) SUR1 Antibody (D) Composite.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

     2 Reviews

4 Publications
BDNF [Unconjugated]
248-BDB
2 μg/lane of Recombinant Human BDNF was resolved with SDS-PAGE underreducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by Coomassie® Bluestaining, showing bands at 13-14 kDa and 11-12 kDa, respectively. Recombinant Human BDNF (Catalog # 248-BDB) stimulates cell proliferation in the BaF mouse pro-B cell line transfected with TrkB. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 0.2‑2 ng/mL.


Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications Bind, BA

210 Publications