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Myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Defining the differences between CNS and PNS myelin may provide insights into the process of myelination and the pathogenesis of certain idiopathic diseases involving myelin such as multiple sclerosis, certain leukodystrophies, and other myelinopathies. Myelin is composed of about 80% lipid fat and about 20% protein. Some of the proteins that make up myelin are Myelin basic protein (MBP), Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and Proteolipid protein (PLP). Myelin is made up primarily of a glycolipid called galactocerebroside. The intertwining of the hydrocarbon chains of sphingomyelin serve to strengthen the myelin sheath.
