Description
Angiotensin is a polypeptide vasopressor hormone formed by the catalytic action of renin, which is released mainly by the kidneys in response to low blood volume or low sodium content in the body. The juxtaglomerular cells release renin when juxtaglomerular apparatus decreases in the kidneys. Renin (called angiotensinogenase) is an enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes cleavage of the leucine leucine bond in angiotensinogen (a serum globulin) to generate angiotensin I in the liver. Angiotensin I acts mainly as a precursor to angiotensin II, which is a vasopressor and stimulator of aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex, and functions also as a neurotransmitter. Angiotensin II is formed by catalytic action of the hydrolase called peptidyl dipeptidase A on C terminal oligopeptide (angiotensin I). In case of the cleavage of angiotensin I to the activated angiotensin II, it is called angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE); in case of the cleavage and inactivation of kinins, it is called kininase II (also called dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I). The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure, stimulates antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone production, and the hypothalamus to activate the thirst reflex, but is crucial in the pathogenesis of hypertension patients due to blood vessels constrict, retention of fluid and raising blood pressure.
Bioinformatics
| Entrez |
Human
|
| Uniprot |
|
| Product By Gene ID |
183 |
| Alternate Names |
- AGT angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)
- angiotensin I
- angiotensin II
- ANHU
- SERPINA8
|
Research Areas for Angiotensin II/III
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Lipid and Metabolism
