Posts Tagged ‘Carbonic Anhydrase IX’
Friday, September 7th, 2012
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase, strongly induced by hypoxia. CA IX is overexpressed by several cancer cells from many tumor types, and is a component of the pH regulatory system invoked by these cells to combat the deleterious effects of a high rate of glycolytic metabolism. CA IX functions to help produce and maintain an intracellular pH favorable for tumor cell growth and survival, while at the same time participating in the generation of an increasingly acidic extracellular space, facilitating tumor cell invasiveness (1).
In addition to its role in the regulation of tumoral pH and tumor cell survival, there is evidence that CAIX contributes to cell processes such as adhesion and migration, both of which are vital for metastatic progression in human cancer. In CAIX-null MDCK cells constitutively expressing human CA IX, the protein localized to cell-cell junctions and overlapped with staining for E-cadherin as determined using anti-CAIX antibodies indicating that CAIX has the capacity to modulate E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion via interaction with beta-catenin, which could be of potential significance in hypoxia-induced tumor progression (2). Expression of CA IX as determined by ant-CA IX antibodies has been correlated with poor prognosis in cancer and the metabolic dysfunction under the hypoxic conditions (3). Pharmacologic interference of CAIX catalytic activity using monoclonal antibodies or CAIX-specific small molecules has been shown to impair primary tumor growth and metastasis and is an open area of research. Novus Biologicals offers a wide variety of tools for your research needs in the form of antibodies, cell lysates and RNAi reagents against Carbonic Anhydrase IX and related proteins for your research needs.
- PMID: 22289741
- PMID: 14567991
- PMID: 19367501
Novus Biologicals offers Carbonic Anhydrase IX reagents for your research needs including:
Tags: CAIX, CAIX antibody, Carbonic Anhydrase IX, Carbonic Anhydrase IX antibody, E-Cadherin, E-Cadherin antibody, MDCK cells
Posted in Antibodies, Antibody catalog, Antibody database, Antibody suppliers, Cancer, Hypoxia, Tumor | No Comments »
Wednesday, November 30th, 2011
Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CA-IX) is an enzyme that is induced under hypoxic conditions. This enzyme is rarely present in normal cells and is responsible for controlling tumor pH. CA-IX is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the zinc metalloenzyme family. This family displays 15 isoforms in human tissues. Carbonic Anhydrase IX functions to convert carbonic acid present in hypoxic cells into a biocarbonate and a proton. Due to the hypoxic conditions found in many tumors CA-IX has become a marker of hypoxia and expression has been associated with several tumors such as lung, brain, colorectal, ovarian, renal, breast, and cervical to name a few.
Carbonic Anhydrase IX can be regulated through Hypoxia Inducible Factors. HIF proteins cause upregulation of the CA-IX gene to stabilize the microenvironment of tumor/hypoxic cells. The upregulation of the CA-IX gene is caused by Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) undergoing specific hydroxylations dependent on oxygen conditions within the cell. Once the hydroxylation occurs HIF-1 alpha can interact with the beta domain on the Von Hippel-Lindau protein. In the presence of oxygen, HIF proteins will undergo rapid degradation. In the absence of oxygen, HIF can activate a signal cascade to transcribe several targets such as Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Since many tumors induce hypoxic conditions, CA-IX is being used as a marker. Studies are being performed to look at levels of hypoxia within certain tumors, as hypoxic tumors often are more aggressive and have a lower survival rate. Tan, E. Y., et al. [PMID: 19165203] suggested that CA-IX positive tumors may be due to an advanced hypoxic response and that continued research on the HIF pathway and targets regulated by this pathway such as CA-IX are pivotal in future cancer research.
Novus Biologicals offers CA-IX reagents for your research needs including:
Tags: CA-IX, CA-IX antibody, Carbonic Anhydrase IX, Carbonic Anhydrase IX antibody, HIF-1 alpha, HIF-1 alpha antibody
Posted in Antibodies, Antibody catalog, Antibody database, Antibody suppliers, Cancer, Hypoxia, Tumor, Uncategorized | No Comments »
