Recombinant Human CCL2/MCP1 Protein

Purity is greater than 95%, as determined by SDS-PAGE and visualized by silver stain.

Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) belongs to the chemokine family. Chemokines are small secreted molecules containing 4 conserved cysteine residues and 2 disulfide linkages. The first two cysteine residues of chemokine molecules may be in one of the following configurations, CC or CXC and this defines the two major chemokine sub-families. MCP-1 is a CC chemokine and its recent designation is chemokine ligand 2, (CCL2). MCP-1 is expressed by monocytes, dendritic cells, vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, glomerular mesangial cells, osteoblastic cells, and human pulmonary type-2-like epithelial cells in response to the cytokines IL-1, TNF-a, IFN-g, as well as bacterial or viral products and mitogens. MCP-1 exhibits chemotactic activity for monocytes/macrophages, basophils, T lymphocytes, particularly memory T cells and natural killer cells and neural stem cells. Elevated levels of MCP-1 are detected during inflammation and immune responses. MCP-1 activity is also important in wound healing as shown by delayed wound repair in MCP-1deficient mice. MCP-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of disease states that involve monocyte/macrophage infiltrates, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and recruitment of monocytes to the arterial wall in atherosclerosis. In addition to its chemotactic function, MCP-1 also induces the expression of IL-10 from macrophages, which favours a TH2 immune response. MCP-1 is a glycopeptide containing one potential N-linked glycosylation site. The extent of MCP-1 glycosylation influences its chemotactic potency and half-life in vivo. The glycosylated form of MCP-1 exhibits lower specific chemotactic activity for both lymphocytes and monocytes than the non-glycosylated form, however the non-glycosylated form rapidly loses activity at 37degrees Celsius. This is a HCX protein. HCX Expression System Details HCX proteins mimic the proteins in the human body because they are expressed from human, rather than animal, insect or bacterial cells. This process gives them human post-translational modifications. Recombinant DNA techniques allow a human protein with the correct amino acid sequence to be expressed in a non-human cell line. However, non-human cells lack the appropriate cellular machinery, such as specific glycosyltransferases, necessary to produce the correct human post-translational modifications of a protein. An extreme example is seen in E. coli cells, which produce recombinant proteins with no glycosylation, as the above figure illustrates. Rodent and yeast cells are able to glycosylate proteins, but they are still different from glycosylation in human cells. Expression System Resultant Proteins Human (e.g. K562, HEK293) Correct amino acid sequence Human post-translational modifications Rodent (e.g. CHO, NSO) Correct amino acid sequence Some natural glycosylation - not human-like Yeast (e.g. Pichia) Correct amino acid sequence Some natural glycosylation - not human-like E.Coli Correct amino acid sequence No PTMs Although there have been significant attempts to make non-human cell derived cytokines more human-like, there is a growing awareness that in many instances, particularly in therapeutics, cytokines should mimic those found in the body as closely as possible. Purified MCP-1 HCX consists of 0-55% carbohydrate by weight.

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Peptides and proteins are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Array NBP1-46094

• CCL2/MCP1 Antibodies
• CCL2/MCP1 ELISA Kit
• CCL2/MCP1 Lysate
• CCL2/MCP1 Proteins