Note: Not all species have been tested for usefulness with this product. Only those species listed have been tested. We cannot make any guarantees about additional reactivities which may or may not occur.
A synthetic peptide made to an N-terminal portion of the human LC3 protein sequence (between residues 1-100).
Localization:
LC3-I is cytoplasmic. LC3-II binds to the autophagic membranes.
Marker:
Autophagosomes Marker
Species Reactivity:
This antibody reacts with human and mouse LC3 protein, though the mouse detection is weaker than the human. No other species have been tested. The immunogen used for this antibody production has 100% homology with rat and Zebrafish, 92% with mouse, 91% with cow, and 84% with Xenopus proteins.
Applications:
Uses:
By Western blot bands are seen at ~17 and 19 kDa corresponding to LC3-II and LC3-I. In some cases a non-specific band is seen at ~21 kDa in mouse protein. Please note general reference (1) below for ATG5 control lysates used in our image.
Dilutions:
immunohistochemistry 1:200-1:400,
immunoprecipitation 20ug/500ug of protein,
Western Blot 2 ug/ml,
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin ,
This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Products are guaranteed for 6 months from date of receipt, except for peptides and proteins which are guaranteed for 3 months.
LC3, a mammalian homologue of Apg8, was originally identified as microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3. It is a component of both the MAP1A and MAP1B microtubule-binding domains and the heavy-chain independent regulation of LC3 expression might modify MAP1 microtubule-binding activity during development. However, LC3 is now thought to also be involved in autophagy. LC3-I is cytosolic and LC3-II is membrane bound and enriched in the autophagic vacuole fraction. LC3-II is the first mammalian protein identified that specifically associates with the autophagosome membranes.
Sarkar S, Korolchuk V, Renna M. et. al. Methodological considerations for assessing autophagy modulators: a study with calcium phosphate precipitates.
Yuan H, Perry CN, Huang C, et al. LPS-Induced Autophagy Is Mediated by Oxidative Signaling in Cardiomyocytes is Associated with Cytoprotection. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008:01051.02008.
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Cadwell K, Liu JY, Brown SL, et al. A key role for autophagy the autophagy gene Atg16l1 in mouse human intestinal Paneth cells. Nature 2008;456(7219):259-263.
Degtyarev M, De Maziere A, Orr C, et al. Akt inhibition promotes autophagy sensitizes PTEN-null tumors to lysosomotropic agents. J Cell Biol 2008;183(1):101-116
Wong ESP, Tan JMM, Soong W-E, et al. Autophagy-mediated clearance of aggresomes is not a universal phenomenon. Hum. Mol. Genetics. 2008;17(16):2570-2582.
Burdette DL, Yarbrough ML, Orvedahl A, et al. Vibrio parahaemolyticus orchestrates a multifaceted host cell infection by induction of autophagy, cell rounding, then cell lysis. PNAS 2008;105(34):12497-12502.
Miller, B., Zhao, Z., Stephenson, L., et al. The autophagy gene ATG5 plays an essential role in B lymphocyte development. Autophagy. April 2008; 4:3, 309-314.
Zhang, H., M. Bosch-Marce, et al. Mitochondrial autophagy is a HIF-1-dependent adaptive metabolic response to hypoxia. J. Biol. Chem. April 18 2008; 293(16):10892-10903. (Western Blot)
Settembre C, Fraldi A, Jahreiss L, et al. A block of autophagy in lysosomal storage disorders. Hum Mol Genet. 2008 January 1, 2008;17(1):119-29.
Sarkar, S., Krishna G., Imarisio, S., et al. A rational mechanism for combination treatment of Huntington's disease using lithium rapamycin. Hum. Mol. Genet. Jan. 2008; 17: 170-178.