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14-3-3 family of proteins is composed of seven isotypes, beta, gamma, zeta, epsilon, tau, eta, and sigma, that play critical roles in cell signaling events that control cell cycle progression, transcriptional alterations, and apoptosis (1-4). 14-3-3 proteins were the first signaling molecules to be identified as specific phosphoserine/threonine binding proteins (1). 14-3-3 can serve as a direct regulator of its target by altering the function of the protein (3). 14-3-3 protein targets include the signalling intermediates Raf, MEKK, PI-3 kinase and IRS-1, cell cycle proteins CDK2, Wee1, and Cdc25, and apoptosis proteins BAD and ASK-1 (3,4).
Liu MY, Cai S, Espejo A, Bedford MT, Walker CL. 2002. 14-3-3 interacts with the tumor suppressor tuberin at Akt phosphorylation sites. Cancer Res. 62(22): 6475-6480.
Yaffe MB. 2002. How do 14-3-3 proteins work?- - Gatekeeper phosphorylation the molecular anvil hypothesis. FEBS Lett. 513(1):53-57.